Analysis Of The Poem The Dead By James Joyce - 1280 Words

Tormented by the devastation wrought by World War I, individuals across the world struggled to communicate their experiences, thoughts, and sorrows in their fragmented societies. Authors such as James Joyce, T.S. Elliot, and Virginia Wolfe gave voice to these individuals through their implementation of a stream of consciousness writing style that became a key feature in the modernist literary movement. In his short story â€Å"The Dead†, the final tale in his collection Dubliners, James Joyce represents the struggles of a well-respected figure whose depression and low self-esteem causes him to agonize over an annual speech he gives and interferes with his ability to communicate his desires to his wife. Similarly, in his poem, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† T.S. Elliot illustrates how the anxiety a man faces over how he will be interpreted by others impedes on his desire to communicate. Likewise, in her novel Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Wolfe’s depiction of the anguish war veterans’ suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) deal with in their ardent desire to communicate exposes the darkest ramifications of the war. These authors in modernist literature demonstrate the inhibiting effects of mental illnesses on an individual’s ability to communicate, resulting in their societal alienation. In his characterization of Gabriel in â€Å"The Dead,† James Joyce illustrates the inner turmoil that an average, well-respected man with depression secretly suffers in his desireShow MoreRelatedA Far Cry from Africa: Divided Loyalties1682 Words   |  7 Pagesproducts of the economic and ideological determinants specific to that era. Literature reflects an authors own class or analysis of class relations, however piercing or shallow that analysis may be (Abrams 149). 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Although the perfumes and riches are acquired in the hopes of arousing the senses theyRead MoreSmugging in the Square: Homosexuality as a Literary Device in James Joyces A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man.3689 Words   |  15 Pagessaid of the menacing literary masterpiece that is A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is that the gender issues Joyce so surreptitiously weaves into Stephan Dedalus’s character create sizable obstacles for the reader to overcome. Joyce expertly composes a feminine backdrop in which he can mold Stephan to inexplicably become innately homosexual. As Laurie Teal points out â€Å"†¦ Joyce plays with gender inversion as a uniquely powerful tool of characterization.†(63) Stephan’s constant conflict with himselfRead MoreCommon Themes of Edgar Allan P oe3152 Words   |  13 PagesAn Analysis of the Common Themes Found in selected works of Edgar Allan Poe A Research Presented to The faculty of the English Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in English IV By March 2010 Acknowledgement The researcher would like to thank the following people who help and give guidance to make this project To the Project adviser and the home room adviser of the researchers, who gave his outmost patience and time to check the drafts and format of eachRead MoreCommon Themes of Edgar Allan Poe3166 Words   |  13 PagesAn Analysis of the Common Themes Found in selected works of Edgar Allan Poe A Research Presented to The faculty of the English Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in English IV By March 2010 Acknowledgement The researcher would like to thank the following people who help and give guidance to make this project To the Project adviser and the home room adviser of the researchers, who gave his outmost patience and time to check the drafts and format of each part of this veryRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 Pagestendency, and many other attitudes that typify modernist writings, are present in Eliot’s works. This short paper intends to highlight some modernist elements in Eliot’s The Hollow Men as a poem representative of his new innovative poetry and of the spirit of modernism as a whole. I will look at how the poem reflects this newly new literary movement in terms of both thematic matter and style. This latter, of course, shouldn’t be viewed as constant for there is a permanent quest for a style that isRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesMarx’s economic theories as such: we shall confine our discussion to their methodological premises and implications. It will in any case be obvious to the reader that the present writer upholds the validity of their content. Secondly, a detailed analysis of Rosa Luxemburg’s thought is necessary because its seminal discoveries no less than its errors have had a decisive influence on the theories of Marxists outside Russia, above all in Germany. To some extent this influence persists to this day. ForRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 PagesAims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and Techniques 7) Plan of Thesis I) Chapter – I (Introduction) II) Chapter – II (Theoretical Framework) III) Chapter – III (Analysis of the play Endgame) IV) Chapter – IV (Analysis of the play Waiting for Godot) V) Chapter – V (Analysis of the plays Happy Days ) VI) Chapter –VI (Conclusion and pedagogical implications) 8) Scope And Limitations of the Study 9) Significance of the Study 10) Conclusion CHAPTER - IRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesreveals these deep ties to the South, and though often set in Mississippi, her stories reveal truths about the human condition that transcend region. Welty has published several collections of short stories, six novels, and has tried her hand at plays, poems, and childrens books. Weltys published photographs also reveal an artist with a sharp eye for detail and compassionate treatment of her subjects. Winner of the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Optimists Daughter, several O. Henry Awards, twoRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesreveals these deep ties to the South, and though often set in Mississippi, her stories reveal truths about the human condition that transcend region. Welty has published several collections of short stories, six novels, and has tried her hand at plays, poems, and childrens books. Weltys published photographs also reveal an artist with a sharp eye for deta il and compassionate treatment of her subjects. Winner of the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Optimists Daughter, several O. Henry Awards, two

Plants Free Essays

Plants begin their lives in the form of seeds. The embryo inside the seed is considered as the next sexual generation of plants. Seed germination is an important phase in plant’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now Successful seed germination is vital in every reproducing species in order to perpetuate itself. By definition seed germination is when the dry seeds shed from its parent plant, takes up water and is completed when the embryonic root visibly emerges through the outer structure of the seed (seed coat) (Hasanuzzaman et., al. 2013). Bewley (1997) described that it includes different events that commence with the uptake of water by the quiescent dry seed and terminate with the elongation of the embryonic axis. The visible sign that germination is complete is usually the penetration of the structures surrounding the embryo by the radicle (radicle protrusion). Several authors had reported the importance of germination in the life cycle of plant. According to Hubbard et., al (2012) this stage in the life cycle of the plant is considered as a critical event as germination is the first step in determining the survival rate of the crop thereby affecting its productivity. Meanwhile Donohue et., al. (2010) reported that seed germination is an important developmental phase change in the plant life cycle, which plays critical roles in seedlings establishment and consequently in environmental adaptation. The process of seed germination involves several complex processes and activation of the seeds metabolic pathways which eventually leads to the emergence of newly grown generation of plants. Many of the specific biochemical and physiological processes which characterize germinating seeds, particularly those occurring in storage organs, are special during this stage (Bewley and Black 1994). Knowledge of the germination process and of the seedling establishment and development, involving morphological, physiological, biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms and features is of essential importance for taxonomic, ecological and agronomic studies of certain plants. There are several different gene expression that underlies plant development, the relative specificity of these processes suggests that distinct gene sets are activated and repressed during this stage. The reaction between activation of essential enzymes, sequential release of hormones and the energy relations of the process during seed germination are very significant in understanding the appropriate establishment of plant for its adaptation. Identifying these genes and defining mechanisms involved in regulating their expression will aid in understanding the control of germination-specific mechanisms. This review will provide an overview on the mechanism of gene expression in mainly in angiosperm plant. The different genes expressed in embryos and seedlings will also be tackled A brief description of on the hormonal changes and hormonal balance that triggers or promotes gene expression during germination is also discussed in this paper. How to cite Plants, Papers

Advertising, Social and Economic Costs and Benefits free essay sample

Tesco is in private sector, but it is a PLC, a public limited company, this is an international business, also it is in primary. Tesco is doing service by providing food to its customers. Tesco exist, so people can buy food, they do their own products also, this company exists for making profit. Tesco makes profit by selling its products or making deliveries to customers. Tesco is trying to achieve , to be the best company Our vision is for Tesco to be most highly valued by the customers we serve, the communities in which we operate, our loyal and committed staff and our shareholders; to be a growth company; a modern and innovative company and winning locally, applying our skills globally. Tesco is a global business. Tesco is a public limited company (PLC) this means that the owners of Tesco are the shareholder. North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service- This is a public sector organization, it doesn’t make profit, because it’s service costs more than the amount of money people pay them for fire. This organization exist so when the people have fire or extreme situations they call fire and rescue service and they help them. In 2004 North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Authority developed a new focused Vision to reflect their broader function within the modernisation agenda. Over the 10 years to 2014, in North Yorkshire and the City of York, 125 more people will still be alive through the work of the new Fire and Rescue Service. This will be due to the Service having significantly reduced the likelihood and severity of fire and other emergencies. We will achieve this through the dedication of our staff working in partnership with other agencies in the community. This is a local company because it is North Yorkshire. Simply summarised as The term 125 Alive captures the Authoritys Vision in one simple phrase. It means that 125 people who might otherwise have died in an accident will be alive because of preventative action taken by the Fire and Rescue Service working in partnership with other agencies. The target will be achieved by a steady reduction year on year in fatalities in road traffic collisions and fires. The aims and objectives of this organization are to help people to rescue them away from dangerous things, and also to remove the fire away, so the people will be in safe. They are trying their best , so they will be the best from their competitors. P2 â€Å"describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose of two contrasting organisations† M1 â€Å"explain the points of view from different stakeholders seeking to influence the strategic aims and objectives of two contrasting organisations† Stakeholders: A person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Stakeholder Grouping| Interest| Tesco PLC| NY Fire amp; Rescue Service| Consumers/customers| They want high quality, value for money products. Customers often identify with the brands they buy. They like to see improvements that give them better value for money. | People who want to buy high quality food or other staff| This are the local people in the local area who wants to take the fire out| Employees/workers| The company provides them with a salary/money to live (a livelihood). They seek security, promotion opportunities, job satisfaction and rewards. | This are the workers in the stores, they are interested in security| This are the firemen, their job is to rescue people and to remove the fire for safety. | Suppliers| They want steady orders and payment for supplying stock. They also want to feel valued. People which supply different staff like water, food, drinks etc. They do it because they are sure that Tesco Is a successful business and if they are successful so they have a lot of profit , and suppliers are sure in Tesco and they have more orders cause Tesco has more customers| People, who supply the equipment, like the extinguishers. | Owners| They may be a sole trader or in a partnership. In a company it would be the shareholders. Often thought to be the most important stakeholder. They see themselves as the principal risk taker. They want to see share of profit increasing and the value of the business rising. So the owner of Tesco is the shareholders, they are interested in success of their business, they want Tesco to be the best, as every shareholder does. | The government is the owner of the NYFRS. The government wants to succeed this organization in their job, so people will be in safe. | Trade Unions| They represent the views of the employees of the business. They want higher wages and better conditions. | They want Tesco to be successful, because if Tesco is successful, so workers conditions will be better, because this stakeholder is interested in employees comfort and life. They are interested in firemen success and conditions, wages etc. So if firemen start to rescue people or removing fire more and more, so they could get salary and this is good for Trade Union, this is what they want. | Employer Associations| They are the employer’s equivalent of the TU. They represent the employer’s interests in specific associations. | Basically this stakeholder is equivalent Trade Union, they have quite the same interests, they also take care about the workers, but in specific way. | They are looking for the comfort of the firemen, in specific associations. Local communities| The actions of businesses can have a big effect on communities around them. They want improved facilities and provision of jobs. | Local communities wants Tesco to be considerate about the people who live nearby, considerate about the emotions and feelings. | This are the people who live near by the fire rescue service base, so when they have an emergency call they start to drive fast and a lot of noise etc. People want them to be considerate about them and to think about them, that people could be sleeping now, or doing something different when they can’t be disturbed. Governments| They want successful organisations which contribute to economic growth and provide jobs and tax revenue. They also like businesses that contribute towards the welfare of the country’s society. | Government wants Tesco to succeed, so the economy of the country would improve more and more, and more employees would be needed as the company will grow, so less unemployed people would be. | The government wants to succeed this organization in their job, so people will be in safe, and the country’s level of popularity would increase. Tesco: 1) Owners 2) Workers 3) Supplies 4) Customers 5) Government NYFRS: 1) Government 2) Workers 3) Suppliers 4) Customers 5) Local communities D1 â€Å"Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in ONE organization Tesco: 1) Directors To be as strong in everything we sell as we are in food Directors are the stakeholders which have the most influence of the Tesco, because they can do everything what they want with the business, because it is theirs. They have ultimate control and power. If they want for example they can change the name from â€Å"Tesco† to something else etc. 2) Workers- To build our team so that we create more value Workers are the second most influence stakeholders in Tesco. This is because if there is no workers so the business can’t grow at all and it will fail, no workers, means no job done. But also if the workers would leave the Tesco, it is not such a big problem, because â€Å"Tesco† is well known successful business, and a lot of employees want to work for them. 3) Customers- To grow the UK core Customers are 3rd important stakeholders which have influence on Tesco. So if there would not be customers the business would not be able to make profit at all, so customers are also really important part of each business. If the Tesco loses the customers , so they will go to theirs opponent businesses, such as â€Å"Asda† and â€Å"Sainsbury’s†, and this could be because their would be not enough workers, or the customer service would be at low level. 4) Suppliers- To put our responsibilities to the communities we serve at the heart of what we do. Suppliers are last important stakeholders with influence on Tesco, because if the suppliers wont supply any products so Tesco would have to use its own products, but that wouldn’t make a lot of profit, and won’t be sustainable. If â€Å"Tesco† loses the suppliers, it is not a problem, because there are a lot of suppliers which are free and waiting for their chance, but if the suppliers were too good, this would be sad. P3 â€Å"Describe how two businesses are organised† TESCO: Span of control: The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisorcan directly control. This number varies with the type ofwork: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereasroutine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more. Chain of Command: The  order  in which  authority  and  power  in an  organization  is wielded and delegated from  top management  to every employee  at every  level  of the organization. Instructions flow downward along the chain of command and accountability  flows  upward. The chart shows that Tesco has a different level of workers in its organization. These shows the mangers and members, whom they control. The managers take responsibility of what their assistants do. Manager of one job can’t control the assistants of other job manager, so everything is equal. The boss of everyone is the store director, after him is regional manager as you can see, and later is the store manager, and only than other managers of different jobs, and on the bottom of the chart are all of the assistants of all of the mangers. So in Tesco and in all other businesses the member of the working team can’t control anyone above him, or anyone or the same line, he can control only the people who are under him. It is very hard to control big organization. So, it will be better to break the organization into smaller parts. There are 4 main ways of breaking a business down into smaller sections: 1) By Function- What is the sense of each section? 2) By Location- Where is the section situated on the map? 3) By Product- Which service does the section belong to? 4) By Process- A customer staying approached on the other customers who are interested in Tesco. There are 2 main types of organizational structure: 1) Tall 2) Flat The difference between this two is that tall has more levels than flat , however in Flat Mangers there are wider span of control. . So, we can say that Tesco has Tall structure, because in Tesco’s Organizational Chart has a lot of levels. North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service: It is really hard to understand who is who, who is controlling whom, the table is a bit messy, and so I created a better one for you: But on Structure of Commission we can see that Director General has two lines. First, is that he should control 3 Directors, Corporate and Forestry, Central Services (HR, IT, Finance), Business Units, Forest Research. The North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service is looking so different comparing to Tesco’s. . In Forestry Commission General Director works with more employees, however in Tesco Director works just with managers. But The North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service’s type of organizational structure is Tall, because it has many lines. And Forestry Commission is organization by Location, because they are separated on different locations, they have 3 directs in same country. Task 2 1) Finance addresses the ways in which individuals, business entities and other organizations allocate and use monetary resources over time. It helps Tesco with finance. 2) Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. ) The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness. That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or genius. 4) Customer S ervice is the commitment to providing value added services to external and internal customers, including attitude knowledge, technical support and quality of service in a timely manner 5) Sales- Total dollar amount collected for goods and services provided. While payment is not necessary for recognition of sales on company financial statements, there are strict accounting guidelines stating when sales can be recognized. The basic principle is that a sale can only be recognized when the transaction is already realized, or can be quite easily realized. This means that the company should have already received a payment, or the chances of receiving a payment are high. In addition, delivery of the good or service should have taken place for the sale to be recognized. ) Human resources- is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals. Task 3 I will tell now, what makes Tesco and Forestry Commission similar an d what makes them different. Firstly, they both have General Director, and he has helpers. But in Forestry Commission General Director has more employees (they are: 3 directors and other staff members), however in Tesco, Director has just one helper. Secondly, this two organizations have two different, smaller parts. Tesco has broken down on process and North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service by Location. Last thing which I want to say is that, they have the same type of organization – it’s â€Å"Tall†. They have many levels and lines, which helps them to control their business. P4 â€Å"explain how their style and organization helps them to fulfill their purpose†

Peace Essays - Abuse, Social Psychology, Persecution, Aggression

Peace Jay Kline Analysis Paper Bullying is a common issue within todays schooling system. The author makes it a point to talk about the behavioral aspect behind bullying, stating that bullying is a Distinct form of proactive aggression that is intentional, repeated, and involves imbalance between the perpetrator and victim. In the article,Direct Bullying: Criminal Act or Mimicking What Has Been Learned,exposing the underlying issue behind the aggressors mindset during an act of bullying. In their minds (the bully), they are choosing to act out of a repeated or learned habit that was potentially formed as a coping mechanism due to hardships faced in their own daily may be obvious and easy to notice due to the nave nature of the individual. For instance, a fifth grader may be more likely to bully a younger third grader versus a fellow peer because the third grader is more than likely smaller, younger in age, and less of a threat to their level of intelligence. Bullies are not always verbal in their acts of aggres sion; frankly it is more of the subtle acts that place more of a fear into their victims minds. After reading the first article I read two more articles about the topic of bullying and another easy way, from the article, A Latent Class Approach to Examining Forms of Pure Victimization,to break down the target is by starting rumors, sexual comments, or gestures(Card behaviors such as these have a longer lasting affect mentally on the individual. A rumor may last days to months whereas physical acts such as pushing, shove, or kicking are but momentary lessons of fear. The bullys objective is to not only harass but to cause one to unconsciously be willing to submit and surrender them without putting up much of a fight. In the Journal of Child Although we see it is possible to bully a person in more than one way, which does not alleviate its original form of expression, physical bullying. As Joseph Simplicio refers to our two most focus generations where bullying has seemed to reach it s peak; Generation Z / Generation I Internet Children (those born from 1994- 2004) rumor spreading, physical harming, and cyber harassment. When reading these three articles, it questions if the first article presented, Direct Bullying: Criminal Act or Mimicking What Has Been Learned,does not only hold true facts and statements from the author but that its also a reliable source. Although, there were some similarities between them, they also had a lot of different things to say about what exactly leads to bullying and why children and teens do it. Yet, I do think they were all saying the same thing, just in different ways to overall have a broad maybe even better understanding. I think the second and third articles were written more on a higher level of reading which also is pointed towards different audiences. A person younger then I would clearly understand the first article because its kind of common sense verses the other two reaching out to college students like myself and adu lts. Overall, I think all the articles

5 Paragraph Literary Analysis Essay Writing Tips from Expert

5 Paragraph Literary Analysis Essay Writing Tips from Expert Literary Analysis Essay Writing Recommendations Being a student and writing a literary analysis essay are almost synonymous. It is impossible to go to school and avoid this writing assignment. Even though not all students may be excited to complete this task, there is hardly a chance that they will be deprived of this opportunity. If you are one of such students, the following article will be useful for you. We will provide you with useful recommendation on this type of essay writing and help you understand better what literary analysis essay is. What Is a Literary Analysis Essay? This type of essay requires a student to write a deep analysis of some literary work. The complexity of this task is that alongside with analytical thinking, the students will also need much time to get their work done. Even if you are a good writer, you may not always have an opportunity to get the paper written on time. However, even those students who do not consider writing to be their strong side can succeed in literary analysis essay writing by following certain rules. However, in order to write an essay, you will have to be aware of what happens in the book, which presupposes that you read it first. Literary Analysis Analyzing a literary work is a time-consuming task. In order to come up with a good paper, you will have to understand the events described in a book, which automatically leads to breaking in into smaller parts and outlining key elements of the narration. However, literary analysis differs from a summary plot. Actually, summary plot can be a part of analysis essay but definitely not its main part. The focus of an analysis essay should be placed at detailed investigation of problems hidden somewhere between the lines. Analysis Essay Writing The process of such essay writing will be easier, if it is divided into smaller parts and done step-by-step. It will help a writer to understand the process better and concentrate on separate parts properly. If you follow recommendations provide below strictly, you will be able to avoid problems and deliver a high-quality paper without making much efforts. So, if you are ready to enlarge your knowledge on literary analysis paper writing, let us start. Thorough preparation/reading of literary work The first step in writing process is to read a book/poem/novel and, what is most important, understand it! Reading a summary of a plot may not be a good idea, as it does not help in comprehending the hidden message of an author. However, it may be useful after reading the book in order to clearly see the whole picture and better understand the background of the story. Only after this step is completed, you can move on to the next activity. Make notes and review the specific terms Reading a long book may result in the fact that you forget some episodes or do not remember them clearly. It is a normal thing unless you take notes. Writing down the important moments and taking notes on things which seem essential is a good practice. It will give you an opportunity to review the information you need without looking it in a book and wasting your precious time. Make sure you understand the assignment Every paper writing is based on some specific instructions, which have to be followed. In case you do not understand the instructions, you may write an off-topic paper and get a low mark. Regardless of the fact th an t it may sound obvious, you still have to make sure that the assignment is clear to you. In case you have problems with comprehending the task, you can always ask the teacher for additional explanation. Sometimes, literary analysis essay may require more than just analyzing the content of the book. You may be asked to make a research on what other scholars think about problems revealed in a piece of writing you are analyzing, etc. Introductory part The first three steps were preparatory. After they are done, you can actually go down to the writing process. The general structure of the analysis essay is similar to the one of other papers. Consequently, you will have to start from introduction and thesis statement. The aim of the introductory part is to make the readers interested in what you write. As a result, it is recommended to start your paper with some hook or question, which will be further answered in the paper. The other way of starting essay is to use some quote or a shocking fact. Regardless of what approach you will choose, grabbing readers attention is a first step to success. After winning the attention of the audience, you will have to work on the most important part of the introduction, which is thesis statement. Thesis plays a role of a road map of the whole paper. It sets a tone and provides your stand and determines the focus of the essay. No matter what your purpose is, you should clearly state it in thesis. Moreover, the importance of a thesis statement is also in that it helps a writer to narrow down his writing to some specific problem or theme and keep him/her focused. It is important to pay special attention to the introductory part of the paper, as it can influence a decision of the audience on whether to read the rest of the paper or not. Analysis You should start analyzing the literary work with determining different literary devices. They may include main symbols, characters or key themes. The best way to do it is to refer to the previously made notes. Remember, that each of these elements may require specific approach in order to see the connection between them. You will understand that everything is done properly only if all the elements of a puzzle will come together and form a single picture. For example, if you are assigned with a task of analyzing the book The Lord of the Rings, and you are free to choose a topic you like, you can dwell on symbolism in it. In this case, your thesis can be written with focus on a ring as a symbol of power. Consequently, it will give a clear understanding what the paper will be about. Moreover, if this topic is chosen, you can also make a connection between power and how it influences people, corruption in a modern world connected to it, etc. It will give your paper a deeper meaning and will lead to a positive outcome. Many students consider an assignment in literary assignment writing as a tragedy, especially if they have to work with long text. However, writing an analysis on a long book is not as scary as it may seem. Long texts usually have many characters, who form a part of a general narration and, at the same time, give you a possibility to sustain and support your ideas based on how they act, as well as their goals and ambitions. Big works give you a bigger area for action. The most difficult part in working with such literary works may be the reading itself. However, as soon as you finish doing it, it will be easier for you to choose what information or what storyline to pick for your work. On the contrary, small books may limit the number of options and make you look for additional information elsewhere. Conclusion The final part of your essay is the conclusion. It is an important part of a paper because it is the last thing the readers will read and it is the part they will remember most. Consequently, your task is to refresh your main idea from the thesis statement and briefly summarize the main ideas of the paper. Considering our previous example,The Lord of the Rings, it will be necessary to restate the importance of the ring as a symbol of power in the book and tell about how power can affect individuals and other people around them. If the requirements allow, you can also provide your own opinion on the topic under discussion at the end of conclusion. In case it is not allowed by the instructions, you can restate the thesis and make an emphasis on the importance of studying the topic further. It is important to remember that your conclusion should actually conclude a paper. Make sure you do not make an impression as if you have not said everything you wanted. Final Words on Literary Analysis Essay Writing As you can see, literary analysis essay writing may not be as difficult as you think, if you follow certain rules. Many students underestimate the preparatory stage. It is a big mistake as it helps build a necessary basis for your further work. Managing your time is also a crucial thing in the process of essay writing, as well as taking notes and writing down main ideas and important elements of the narration. Believing in personal strengths and proper preparation will definitely result in positive outcome.

Accouting Theory and Tax Rules

1. After preparing the tax return, if the client comes and shows that the deduction for overseas trip made for business purpose he has taken and shows the family photographs of that trip. Then more inquiry should be done from him and on what basis he wants to treat the business trip as business expense (Tpbgovau, 2017). If no proof shown then the tax return must not be proceeded as the client is trying to manipulate the actual income. 2. Taking reasonable care means that the tax prepare must know what exactly the client’s business is. Tax rules changes with business to business. For example, shares may be an investment for one person and trade for another. It will be treated differently. Therefore, there should be enough knowledge about the client’s state of affairs to know the impact of taxation on it and can be explained to the taxpayer (Tpbgovau, 2017). 3. Section 4.10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 states about how much income tax is to be paid and it states that the tax is to be paid for each financial year of income earned on the basis of taxable income calculated for that tax year (Austliieduau, 2017). 4. Current tax table and the details about the fees and the charges can be found on the Australian Taxation Office’s website under the heading â€Å"Tax rates and Codes† (ATOgovau, 2017). 7. The five legislations or the compliance requirements which can affect the recording of the transaction in the as per Australia Tax laws are as follows: 8. General Journal is the journal used for recording the transactions which are not fitting the criteria of specific journals such as purchase, sales, cash, etc. A correcting entry is recorded in the books of accounts in two ways. One is to reverse the Previous journal entry made and to enter the correct entry. Second method is to make a Single entry which when combines with the original corrects the actual entry. General principle to reconcile balance outstanding is to check which balances are recorded in cash Book and in pass book. Next, is to check which balances are not reflected in the cash Book or the pass book and accordingly the same is to be added or subtracted from the Pass book or cash book respectively. Any event or transaction which decreases the balance of the bank is to be debited as the Payment is being made or any amount is decreasing the bank balance. Tpbgovau. (2017). Tpbgovau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.tpb.gov.au/explanatory-paper-tpb-012010-code-professional-conduct Austliieduau. (2017). Austliieduau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s4.10.html Atogovau. (2017). Atogovau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/About-ATO/About-us/In-detail/Tenders-and-procurement/Contracting-in-the-ATO/Record-keeping-standard-for-ATO-contractors/?page=1 Iedunotecom. (2015). IEduNotecom. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://iedunote.com/types-of-accounting-journal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accounting-simplifiedcom. (2017). Accounting-simplifiedcom. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://accounting-simplified.com/accounting-for-bad-debts.html Atogovau. (2017). Atogovau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/?sorttype=SortByTopic Tpbgovau.(2017).Tpbgovau.Retrieved12March,2017,fromhttps://www.tpb.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1481/f/code_of_professional_conduct_aeu_reasonable_care_to_ascertain_a_clients_state_of_affairs.pdf?v=1469170810

Pro Forma Income Statement and Balance Sheet Essay

Pro Forma Income Statement and Balance Sheet - Essay Example This is done by dividing the balance for these accounts by sales revenue for 2013. The Balance Sheet accounts, which generally vary closely with Sales are cash, inventory, accounts payable, and accounts receivable. Fixed Assets are also often tied closely to Sales, unless there is excess capacity. On the Income Statement, costs are expressed as a percentage of Sales. Since we are assuming that all costs remain at a fixed percentage of Sales, net Income can be expressed as a percentage of sales indicating the profit margin. Taxes are expressed as a percentage of taxable income to determine the tax rate. The next step is constructing the Partial Pro-forma Financial Statements. The first step involves determining the forecast sales level for the company. One plus the forecasted growth rate in Sales multiplied by the sales for the year 2013 yields the sales forecast for 2014. The following formula explains this step. To obtain the growth rate, we compare the sales level of 2013 to the sales level of 2011 and 2012. There was a 1.6% drop in sales from 2011 to 2012. In 2013, the drop in sales was 3.1%. the average drop in sales for the two year period was 2.35%. therefore, the forecasted sales level for 2014 will be; After determining the sales forecast, the income statement and balance sheet accounts that vary directly with Sales are determined by multiplying the percentages by the Sales forecast. The accounts that do not vary directly with Sales are transferred to the Partial Pro-Forma Financial Statements without adjustments. The last step of constructing the pro forma financial statements is determining the external finance needed. External finance needed is the difference between partial pro-forma total assets and partial pro-forma total liabilities and owners equity. The amount for Garmin Ltd is 4887221-4879603 = 7618. Firms can choose to raise the external finance needed by

Presentation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presentation - Assignment Example Such individuals must therefore develop numerous yet effective public relation strategies in order to interact with their publics and succeed in influencing their viewpoints. Individuals in the limelight carry out public relations strategically depending on their demands. While some may maintain a positive relationship with the public at all the time, the occurrence of crises often expedite the need for effective public relation plans in order to counter the negative effects of such crises. In such cases, the individuals contract public relation agencies who in turn develop effective public relation messages and communicate them effectively thereby earning them the desired viewpoints. Public relations campaigns target specific audiences for particular durations. Within such periods, the agencies must develop effective messages and assess the effectiveness of the campaigns at the end of the period. This way, the agency decides on the future action depending on the public’s mindset. Effective public relations campaigns result in the desired public view about the individuals. Robert Bruce Ford, commonly known as Rob Ford is an iconic Canadian politician and the current mayor of Toronto. Rob Ford has been a politician for more than three decades serving a two terms tenure in the council before being elected to the mayor’s position. As Such, Rob Ford is a public figure who requires a likable public image in order to achieve widespread acceptance since such enhances the success of the mayor. Despite such, the mayor’s political career has had numerous work elated and personal controversies some of which threatened his political career. The latest of such scandals was the drugs and substance abuse charges in 2013. Rob denied all the allegations but after extensive investigation into the allegations, the police discovered videos of

Tiger Airways Essay Example for Free

Tiger Airways Essay Tiger airways have a few critical issues which could be solved. Tiger airways did not seem to have a very good relationship with their consumers. For one, despite the attempts to connect with the consumers through social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, consumers were regularly complaining about the company on these sites. Instead of clarifying matters and executing a good customer relations strategy, Tiger deleted negative comments off their official Facebook page and remained silent for 72 hours after the grounding took place. Tiger also allowed an Australian television channel to air a program documenting all the negative and dismal areas of Tiger’s operations. All these actions only served to reduce consumer confidence and trust. With consumers being the driving force behind Tiger’s profitability, the company should focus on building goodwill and trust, and in light of the grounding, to also reassure them of their values of low cost and safety. The solution is to offer complimentary flights to affected consumers and make use of this opportunity to build good relations with them. Tiger can also turn this into an opportunity for positive media coverage showing the company’s sincerity in righting the wrongs. Encourage two-way communication between tiger and its stakeholders. Start being more proactive in communicating with consumers and anticipate their grievance. Come up with a contingent communication strategy and how to deal with consumers to build goodwill and trust. Or they can improve the consumer hotline and reassure customers about their safety by hiring a third party to vouch for them (ingratiation strategy). Tiger airway is also facing issues with the investors. As soon as the grounding took place, Tiger’s SGX stock price plunged, showing a lack of confidence on the part of investors. Interesting to note was that share prices continued to plummet even after tiger resumed its flights. This would not probably be because airline capacity was still low due to consumer doubts about the airline’s safety. The only way investor’s confidence can be improved is by first gaining the support of consumers because they are the ones fuelling tiger’s profitability. With a lack of consumer support, investor confidence will be equally weak as they would not see any growth prospects or returns from their investment. Hence, this problem can only be fixed over time and is dependent on tiger’s ability to convince consumers of safety of their flights. It has to work on building strategic credibility in the long run. In the meantime, tiger should provide a short-term solution to calm investors and convince them their investments will be worthwhile. Solution to this is that communicating to all stakeholders about what exactly tiger airways us trying to do to gain consumer’s confidence and increase transparency, whether regarding tiger’s financial losses or the real reason behind the grounding. Assure investors that Australia is a profitable region worth investing in and thank them for their loyalty to the company. Another solution is capitalized on SIA’s reputation to gain investor confidence. Inform investors that SIA holds majority of the shares in tiger airways and they still have confidence that tiger airways will be able to get back on its feet soon. As CYS is taking over as CEO, tiger can capitalise on his reputation by mentioning that the company will be in good hands given that CYS is from SIA and has experience leading a world class airline. Tiger airways should also focus on building consumer confidence and assume investor confidence will improve from there. In other words, maintain status quo and remain silent. Lastly, being a budget carrier, low fares of priority to Tiger. Just like wal-mart, this drive to attain lower and lower costs results in employee neglect. Pilots became overworked and underpaid, and employees were either offered redeployment to other bases or given redundancy packages during the period of the grounding. Some employees even threatened legal action against the company when tiger did not make the payments required to them. Employees are no doubt an important group of stakeholders in any company, as can be seen from recent cases of worker strikes causing huge airlines such as Qantas to halt operations and experience significant losses. As company already in the red, anymore losses resulting from employee mistakes or strikes will not bode well for the future prospects of Tiger, especially with it being a budget carrier. There is no other option for tiger but to build up their relationship with their employees. Possible solutions is to provide greater benefits to employees such as off-days for a flight lasting for a number of days, to prevent employees from being overworked and making unnecessary and costly mistakes. Increase employee welfare by providing channels for them to air their grievances and implement a two-way communication system where their problems or difficulties can be sorted out. Apologising for their inconvenience and mistakes made in the handling of the situation and assure the employees of the steps the company is taking to clean up the crisis. Engage employees’ help to build up the reputation and trust of the company by first treating them better and allowing them more channels to communicate with management. Tiger airways are a low-cost airline whose corporate strategy is centred on cost-cutting measures. The grounding, however, serves as a reminder of the importance of the airline’s safety. Tiger’s flawed corporate strategy could also be seen when they failed to take CASA’s show cause notice in May seriously, leading to the eventual grounding of their entire fleet. Although it can be said that tiger’s reputation is derived from their low fares, it is the basic prerequisite for airlines to ensure safe operations. This is where they differ from Wal-mart, which has a similar ‘Everyday Low Price’ strategy. Improving their strategy would serve to improve tiger’s reputation in the long run. Solution to it is to increased transparency of tiger’s operations. Update stakeholders regularly with a list of actions that tiger airways will undertake in the following months to improve safety, and also prepare a crisis communication plan this is updated regularly. Tiger airways should work with CASA to come up with safety regulation guidelines that complement tiger’s low-cost strategy. Of all the critical issues being mentioned above, it is in the best interest of the company to choose to improve on the relationship with consumers. Tiger should understand that two-way communication and dialogue is pertinent in establishing mutual trust and loyalty amongst consumers. Neglecting their social media feeds in their time of crisis resulted in a missed social media opportunity for the company. Tiger should have taken advantage of the instant communication provided by these social media outlets to convey important messages to consumers during the crisis and answer all their queries and allay concerns immediately. This would definitely reduce the frustrations felt by consumers arising from the silent approach employed by the company.

Loyalty Of Employee :: essays research papers

Different cultures place varying values on loyalty to the employer. In some countries, most notably in Asia, there is a high degree of loyalty to one company. However, in most European countries and the United States, loyalty at ones employer is not highly values; instead it is considered more rational and reasonable for an employee to change jobs whenever it is warranted to achieve the optimal overall career. Both of these positions have advantages and disadvantages. In cultures that value loyalty to the employer, a kind of family relationship seems to develop between employer and employee. It is a reciprocal arrangement, which the employer is concerned with assisting the employee to develop to his or her full potential and the employee is concerned about optimizing the welfare of the company. The negative aspect to absolute loyalty to one company is that an employee may stay in one job that he or she has outgrow and may miss out on opportunities to develop in new directions. From the employer’s point of view, the employee may be burdened with employees whose skills no longer match the needs of the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In cultures in which it is quite acceptable to change jobs every few years, employees can build the career they choose for themselves. They can stay with one company as long as it is mutually beneficial to the company and employee. As long as good relationship exists and the employee’s career is advancing at an acceptable pace, the employee can remain with a company. But at any time the employee is free to move to another company, perhaps to achieve a higher position, to move to a new area, or to find anew situation that is more suitable for his or her personality.

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls

In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory?To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to te aching and learning.Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning.Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†.Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation.However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings.This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect th e way we view our own achievements, language development.Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning.These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishm ents are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on the original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier.By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them?As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential.This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning.Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn.This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognit ivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone.To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal e xperience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations.I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 & KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment.I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teachin g from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating Q&A as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain.My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners.Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B . F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn

Beliefs in the sanctity of life Essay

Explain how beliefs in sanctity of life may influence ethical approaches to abortion This issue involves the principles associated with abortion and involves the consideration of the act of killing and the ethical questions that this raises. The belief that life is in some way sacred or holy is widely supported throughout several different cultures and religions, and is traditionally understood as being given by God. Believers in the Sanctity of Life take a deontological position in which love and compassion for all human life has a significant role in their everyday lives. The sanctity of life argument is often put forward from a Christian viewpoint, and is also supported in the Roman Catholic Church. The Church of England also combines opposition to abortion with recognition that there can be â€Å"strictly limited† conditions in which it is morally acceptable to carry out an abortion. Members of this Church share the Roman Catholic view that abortion is â€Å"gravely contr ary to the moral law†, suggesting that life is precious and reinforcing their belief in the sanctity of life. The Church says that human life begins when the woman’s egg is fertilised by a male sperm. From that moment a unique life begins, independent of the life of the mother and father. The features that distinguish us from our parents – the colour of our eyes, the shape of our face – are all laid down in the genetic code that comes into existence then. Each new life that begins at this point is not a potential human being but a human being with potential, therefore abortion is wrong, because life is precious and created in God’s image. Kant gives the idea of the sanctity of life a non-religious perspective based on ethical grounds. He considers each human life sacred, and said that everyone has potential to have a good life, therefore against abortion as he believes life starts from conception. Abortion cannot be justified in Kantian ethics if it simply concerns itself because the foetus has intrinsic value based upon the principle of the sanctity of life. However Singer argues from both sides, and says â€Å"To kill a human adult is murder, and is unhesitatingly and universally condemned. Yet there is no obvious sharp line which marks the zygote from the adult. Hence the problem.† By recognising the problem of abortion and when a foetus becomes a person, in which killing it is punishable, Singer considers the social moral grounds of killing and the ethical questions it raises. Therefore by not coming to a full conclusion, we see that not all people have an absolute view on the sanctity  of life in relation to abortion. Some relativists say that they are neither pro-life nor pro-choice, and it depends entirely on the circumstance. For example, if giving birth to a baby would put the mother’s life at risk, then an abortion would be acceptable because it could be argued that a foetus is not a person and that the sanctity of the mother’s life is greater than the foetus’, meaning that they may interpret the terms ‘life’ and ‘unborn’ differently. Whilst looking at these two interpretations, the sanctity of different stages of life are brought into consideration.

Free Essays on Mayan Culture, And Religion

Religion was Mayan culture and, Mayan culture was religion. That sentence may sound somewhat familiar to some people, and it’s a fact too. Mayan culture was formed mostly by their religion. â€Å"Religion was the center of Mayan life†. Everything that had to do with everyday life dealt with religion in Mayan culture. An example of this is when the Mayans built these great phenomenons of structural design. They built enormous pyramids, temples, and plazas. Thousands of people came and gathered at these places to celebrate for special religious festivals and ceremonies. Everybody did it; it’s nothing like the present day. There isn’t a gigantic structure in the middle of a modern day town where people come and celebrate their religion and culture. Now people get to choose their religion, and the way they live. Mayans also built crafts, pottery and sacred objects to provide for their beliefs and practices. On these craft and other objects they printed images on them, so people would have a sort of reminder of the beliefs and culture. In the present day a person just doesn’t see a cup, or bowl with a picture of Jesus, Buddha, or Ganesha printed on it. It just goes to show you how much the Mayan religion shaped and effected their culture. People’s roles in the community also showed how religion shaped culture, in the Mayan civilization. For example the Mayan kings were also spiritual leaders. As amusing it may sound to some people, you just don’t see George Bush saying mass at your local church, or at any church. Their kings were to teach people the way of their religion, and the appropriate ways to behave for gods. These Mayan kings also took part in many rituals. They helped conduct rituals such as human sacrifices. These sacrifices were for the Mayans gods. This ceremony might just sound like a religious ordeal, but it wasn’t, it was everybody that was taking part and watching. In Mayan life, reli... Free Essays on Mayan Culture, And Religion Free Essays on Mayan Culture, And Religion Religion was Mayan culture and, Mayan culture was religion. That sentence may sound somewhat familiar to some people, and it’s a fact too. Mayan culture was formed mostly by their religion. â€Å"Religion was the center of Mayan life†. Everything that had to do with everyday life dealt with religion in Mayan culture. An example of this is when the Mayans built these great phenomenons of structural design. They built enormous pyramids, temples, and plazas. Thousands of people came and gathered at these places to celebrate for special religious festivals and ceremonies. Everybody did it; it’s nothing like the present day. There isn’t a gigantic structure in the middle of a modern day town where people come and celebrate their religion and culture. Now people get to choose their religion, and the way they live. Mayans also built crafts, pottery and sacred objects to provide for their beliefs and practices. On these craft and other objects they printed images on them, so people would have a sort of reminder of the beliefs and culture. In the present day a person just doesn’t see a cup, or bowl with a picture of Jesus, Buddha, or Ganesha printed on it. It just goes to show you how much the Mayan religion shaped and effected their culture. People’s roles in the community also showed how religion shaped culture, in the Mayan civilization. For example the Mayan kings were also spiritual leaders. As amusing it may sound to some people, you just don’t see George Bush saying mass at your local church, or at any church. Their kings were to teach people the way of their religion, and the appropriate ways to behave for gods. These Mayan kings also took part in many rituals. They helped conduct rituals such as human sacrifices. These sacrifices were for the Mayans gods. This ceremony might just sound like a religious ordeal, but it wasn’t, it was everybody that was taking part and watching. In Mayan life, reli...

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Final project - Essay Example The document body is written in Times New Romans and font size 12. Also paragraphs are written  ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ from the margin. Canada Health Info way. Pan-Canadian Drug Messaging Standard (CeRx and MR2009). Available via: https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/index.php/programs-services/standards-collaborative/pan-canadian-standards/drug-standard Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario. Health-Care Requirements for Strong Encryption, July 16, 2010. Available at http://www.ipc.on.ca/English/Resources/Educational-Material/Educational-Material-Summary/?id=969 Practice management system (PMS) is a member of the wider family of medical practice management software packages which are developed to aid in the management operations in the health sector. This software is capable of keeping records of patients treated in the hospital, monitoring the transactions made in the procurement department, monitoring the monetary activities of the financial department and management of the public relation activities. Practice management System (PMS) is integrated with an electronic record management system and an electronic database to organize the data and this completes the loop of customer care within the health care system. The practice management system (PMS) is composed of three main subcomponents which are a central database, central server and departmental interfaces. The central database holds all the records from all departments. This database is linked to the various departments via the central server. The server stores all the files of the software and links the database to each department. This software requirement document for Practice management system (PMS) will be submitted alongside a user guide manual, Installation guide, and user license and warranty documentation. Online user help links will also be availed with this report. The financial interface, procurement interfaces,

Compare Theories of Piaget,Vgotsky and Erikson Essay

Compare Theories of Piaget,Vgotsky and Erikson - Essay Example In the article, "Cognitive and Social Constructivism" there is a relationship being defined between the two differing views of Piaget and Vygotsky. Piaget's cognitive constructivism emphasizes thinking over language; even as Vygotsky's social constructivism emphasizes the reverse-language over thinking. With Piaget's theory, it is most detrimental in the practice of teaching to ensure individual understanding and knowledge of certain concepts. This grasping of ideas is independent of all other characters in the classroom and tailored to fit each separate individual. Piaget's theory of cognitive development is outlined in which four stages are surpassed to achieve elevated intensities of cognitive ability (pp. 242). It is discussed how the child undergoes the accommodation and assimilation of new concepts (or schema) to further enhance his or her knowledge base and move through the stages of development. The teacher is more capable of aiding in the learning process when each child's p articular level of development is determined. On the contrary, social constructivism is dependent upon the teacher, other students, or other adults to facilitate learning. Vygotsky's supposition about the zone of proximal development and cultural- historical psychology should be utilized in a social constructivist classroom.

Crimonology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crimonology - Essay Example Biological influences on white collar crime are evident in sex differences between males and females. Sex of a person makes it possible to experience various life consequences. The belief that females, who are supposedly physically more weak, are mistreated more often is also inaccurate. Aside from rape, the only individual crime for which women are victimized more than men is robbery with contact. Men are twice as likely to be the victim of an assault or a robbery and 50 percent more likely to experience some crime of theft. Men are also the victims of strangers more than females (Friedrichs, 2006). Therefore, the idea that physically weaker people constantly fall prey to the criminal has no foundation in fact. Neither females nor older people are particularly prone to white collar crime. But, the lifestyles of these community groups may explain this fact better than their actual vulnerability to criminals. The advantage of this theory is that it explains roots of white collar crime , thus it does not take into account motivational factors and personal intentions of a criminal. Human biology and genetics are the two personal attributes most closely tied to antisocial behavior. Heredity and race are also related. ... ore frequently victims of white collar crime than others, while whites experience property crimes at higher rates than other ethnic and racial groups. For white collar crime, robbery accounts for the higher rate experienced by blacks (Friedrichs, 2006). It is still difficult to define the motivations of women when they commit their white-collar crimes at the workplace. But I am personally apt to think that if women have obtained such top positions at their companies - white-collar positions, they can hardly commit their crimes being motivated by poverty (according to economic marginalization thesis). Women rather try to cash in, in different ways, on their top-level positions. Thus, here opportunity thesis and sometimes, masculinity thesis can be more applicable in order to explain the motivation. As well, criminological theory states that opportunity is a more intense motivation for committing white-collar crimes. According to this theory, people who have achieved a lot on their liv es and have satisfied their needs as a result will need more goods to exchange with others, but not to use. Thus, this need for more possessions (or greed) can make people break the law and perpetrate crimes to receive what they want. Psychological predisposition may lead to antisocial inclinations and increase a possibility of criminal behavior patterns. The cultural ties associated with family income, race, and ethnicity also affect with whom one associates and the places of those associations. Housing, transportation, privacy, and leisure-time factors are related to income as well as to racial and ethnic segregation (Sutherland and Cressey 2001). To the extent that white collar crime varies according to place and event, individuals from different income levels and racial and ethnic

Fashion marketing Prada and Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fashion marketing Prada and Zara - Essay Example The paper "Fashion marketing Prada and Zara" analyzes the fashion brand of Prada and Zara and its marketing. Zara is a brand of fashion under the Inditex Group. Amancio Ortega created the brand in 1975 from when it has used clear strategies to beat the tight competition and gain world recognition. The company thrives on innovation, mostly coming up with new concepts that pioneer the industry trends. The company uses lucrative strategies, choosing not to advertise its products and channel the funds to other projects. Since its inception, the company has experienced tremendous growth and has a tremendous market share in the fashion industry. Most market researchers call the brand a devastating competitor and the coverage of this product is wide, serving markets all over the world. Zara and Prada have major differences in operation and organizations, which individually lead to their success. Zara is an independent retailer, preferring to open stores in most of the cities where they thin k they can get the most customers. The company does not use any advertisements for the products or stores, unlike Prada, mostly preferring to utilize the resources to open more stores and develop the business to meet the ever-changing demands in the fashion industry. However, the company may also prefer to use franchising techniques as the route of expansion when the legal requirements forbid the company to open independently owned stores. The franchised stores operate just like the other company owned stores.

The History Of Greek Goddess Athena

The History Of Greek Goddess Athena The history of Greece was filled with gods and goddesses. The greatest god was Zeus, and his daughter Athena showed to be nothing less of him. Athena carried with her the traits of a successor of the great Zeus. She was born right out of his head. Zeus at the time was married to Metis, and she was fated to give birth one of two children- a girl or a boy. If a boy, he would one day prove more powerful than Zeus (Gall and Gall 1). Zeus not wanting that threat, swallowed the pregnant Metis before she could give birth (Gall and Gall 2). Soon Zeus began complaining about headaches and ordered Hephaestus to open up his head. By doing this, Athena sprang from his head, fully grown and dressed in full armor (Gall and Gall 2). Her powers and skills gave her the title of being goddess of war, wisdom, and the practical arts. Even though Ares was the official god of war, she was considered the goddess of war. Unlike Ares, who was known for his madness and furry of war, Athena showed the people a new way of battle, a way being more strategic and intelligent (Gall and Gall 2). Athenas known look depicts her wearing a helmet and carrying the aegis, a round shield or breastplate with Medusas head in the center (Gall and Gall 1) Besides her tactics, Athena also taught the people of Cyrene the art of taming horses, showed Erichthonius how to harness the first war chariots, and was present while Jasons companions were building the first ship Argo (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). Athena uses her abilities of battle to extend her protection not only to individuals but also to entire cities, and those cities in return, symbolize her using the Palladia or statues of herself which had, it was claimed, fallen from heaven (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). Athena also participated in many of the Greek wars, taking part in the war against the giants, killing Pallas and hurling her chariot against Enceladus whom she crushed under the island of Sicily (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). In another battle, she overthrows Ares. Also, in a battle against the titans, the titans threw a dragon at her, but with her mighty shield, flung the dragon into the skies, becoming the constellation Draco (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). After she got armed, Athena mounted on to the chariot of Diomedes, seized the whip and reins herself, and flung the horses against Ares, whom she stretched on the ground with a blow of her spear (Athena, Greek Goddess of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). The aggression of this goddess proved her to be manly. She was the virgin goddess in a world that knew no original sin, no sinfulness sex, no Vestal Virgins (Cavendish 165) Another name Athena possessed was Goddess of Wisdom. In one of her well known stories, Athenas wisdom outmatches Poseidons. Both of them wanted to be honored in the city of Athens, so they decided to compete for the peoples votes on who could give the city the best gift (Moulton 80). Poseidon caused a salt water spring to burst forth, while Athena planted an olive tree (Moulton 80). The people decided that Athenas olive tree, providing both oil and fruits, was of more use to them than Poseidons water fountain (George). Athena is not only honored in one city, but in many others, such as at Elis (Cavendish 166). Even though Athena is honored in more than one city, Athens still remains the one that honors her the most. Inside the temple Parthenon, a 37- foot ivory and gold statue of the goddess Athena was built in her honor (Gall and Gall 5). And Pisistratus, ruler of Athens, put Athenas head on the citys coins, built her a new temple, and made the Great Panathenea more splendid (Cavend ish 162). Almost every god or mortal respected Athena for her abilities, and wisdom was one of the most respected. A symbol representing her was the owl, and it symbolizes wisdom throughout the land (Gall and Gall 1). Besides the owl, the snake and olive branch were her symbols (George). The last name Athena went by was the goddess of the practical arts. She was goddess of many of the arts such as agriculture, navigation, and the production of wool. This included spinning weaving, and needle work. Her excellence of arts inspired the construction of the worlds first ship and the Trojan horse. (Gall and Gall 1) Athena was also credited for the creation of the flute, but she denies it, calling the instrument neither powerful nor beautiful enough. (Athena, Greek Goddess [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]) Although she was known for many of these arts, the one she excelled in the most was mainly weaving. The most famous story in which Athena shows her weaving and magic skills is Arachnids Challenge. A mortal human lady challenged Athena to a weaving contest, saying that her skills were better than Athenas. At the end, Athena admitted the human ladys skills equaled her own. After hearing this, the lady was so excited, bragging that she had beaten Athena in a weaving contest. Athena, furiou s, used her magic and transformed her into Arachnid, cursed to walk the earth weaving her beautiful threads (Athena, Greek Goddess [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]). Athenas greatness in the Greek stories stood out among the other Gods. She ruled over victory, wisdom, arts, and commonly known as the war goddess. Athens for particular worshipped her. Though being honored in many other cities, Athens was considered her city, no one elses. The Athenians built a temple, Parthenon, on the Acropolis to honor the goddess, which became one of the greatest shrines in Greek history (Moulton 80). Athena, lives on forever in their hearts, and what she contributed lasts us all an eternity. Modern Greek cities and small towns names derived from Athena. One of the biggest modern references is the great city of Athens. Work Cited Athena, Greek Goddess of Wisdom Craftsmanship. Goddessgift.com. 07 Dec. 2008 . Cavendish, Richard., ed. Man, Myth Magic an illustrated encyclopedia of the supernatural. New York: Marshall Cavendish corporation, 1970. Gall, Timothy, Susan Gall., ed. Greek Roman Mythology. Cleveland, Ohio: The Lincoln Library Press, 2006. George, Roy. The Goddess Athena. Goddess-Athena.org. 2001. 03 Dec. 2008 . Moulton, Carroll., ed. Ancient Greece and Rome. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1998.

Against Nuclear Tests :: essays research papers

On the morning of August 6, 1945, first ever nuclear armed force was carried out by the United States of America in Japan. Three days later, another one was dropped. Hiroshima and Nagasaki have suffered nuclear explosions, causing immediate deaths of around 100,000 to 200,000 people and even more over time which was and remains controversial. Nuclear warhead is a device which ejects radioactive isotopes (massive heat) with a diameter as large as a metropolis within fraction of a second killing everyone around it. Countries spend dollars on these nukes which in turn kills thousands of innocent people, the aftermath of its devastating force contaminate the environment, and may very well cause mutation on humans. These are the reasons why no country should practice any nuclear devices for any purpose. Country spends billions of dollars to develop nuclear tests which will benefit no one on this planet. Each country strives to be superior to others by developing stronger armed devices which other countries cannot counteract. This concludes that there are no other vital uses for these warheads other than war. The quantity of lives lost in wars cannot be compared to the elimination of nuclear bomb. There are people who are against wars and families who live peacefully still suffer. Also many children’s lives that have no conscious of what is happening are being destroyed. It’s not right for the innocent people to suffer for other’s wrong actions. It’s a matter of seconds that such device can destroy a city. The purpose this device holds for developed countries is to kill, but from the perspectives of third world countries, it’s all bad news for the nature of this planet. Plants cannot be sowed around the area of Hiroshima. It has been 60 years and the soil is still radioactive. After the bombing of Japan, residues of the bomb float around in the atmosphere and may very well blown to other country and affect other people. This device limits land usage and also clearing of trees and plants (deforestation). Habitats are destroyed as well as families and animals are lost. If several more bombs were dropped, the planet would become off balance. Then humans as well as animals cannot live on Earth. The death toll of nuclear bombing will always be uncertain. This is not an average explosion where victims can walk away with minor injuries. The explosion gives off Uranium or Plutonium rays which will penetrate through human skins and either destroys or does severe damage to the body’s DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).

An Insight into Addressing Behavioural Problems

Typically, in the field of behavioral studies, the objective of intervention has been to diminish a challenging behavior (i. e. aggression, property destruction, self-injury). Nonetheless, as research and practice in behavior analysis have matured to address the point of behavioural functions, there has been an analogous shift in the selection of target behaviors and interventions (Horner and Carr, 1997).Within the last few years, investigators and practitioners applying competent supportive technologies within characteristic school and community settings have been established to identify and to teach socially covetous alternative behaviors such as communication, social skills, and choice-making (Koegel, Koegel, Harrower, and Carter, 1999). Accordingly, practitioners have increasingly identified significant outcomes of behavioural interventions to be not only declines in problem behavior but also rise in one or more substitute behaviors.Therefore the measurement of multiple outcomes for a person with problem behaviors has started to reflect a more complex evaluation model (Carr, Levin, et al, 1999). In effect, I think that the role of the nurse is to help in drafting more proactive approaches in resolving problem behaviour. One possibility for the nurse is to consider the significance of a team based approach to this issue. The team must also be multidisciplinary, one which probably call for the involvement of a behavior specialist with expertise in the practical approach to behavior as a member of the team employed in addressing behavioral issues.Intervention plans based on the practical behavior evaluation of target behaviors have a higher probability of positively influencing the individual’s behavior over the long term (Lalli, Browder, Mace, and Brown, 1993). The involvement of a cooperative team early in the procedure of assessing behavior and designing interventions will surely aid in enhanced intervention fidelity and promoted positive changes in patients’ behaviour (Hieneman and Dunlap, 1999).The nurse should also be involved across the phases of evaluation, intervention establishment, and succeeding program monitoring. Nurses may also be involved in formulating interventions that could be realistically executed (Lentz et al, 1996). I also think that the nurse must take on proactive approaches and techniques seek to decrease the possibility that undesirable behavior will be derived by analysing environmental contexts and the patients’ behavioural repertoires (O’Brien and Repp, 1990).The proactive factors of interventions must stress reliable communication, access to typical environments, and examination of demands. Generalisation of communication skills and alternative behaviors may be fortified during interactions with typical peers during participation in regular activities. Interactions and participation not only allow for opportunities to generalise prosocial behaviors but likewise serve as a encour aging incentive. In all these activities, nurses like myself may take on a critical role.We must not be limited to providing physical care, but also take in careful consideration the other factors that may influence problematic behaviour, and take an active stance in trying to help the individual develop. In taking on a holistic stance, I can make a real difference. References Carr, E. G. , Levin, L. , McConnachie, G. , Carlson, J. I. , Kemp, D. C. , Smith, C. G. , et al. (1999). Comprehensive multisituational intervention for problem behavior in the community: Long-term maintenance and social validation.Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 5-25. Hieneman, M. , & Dunlap, G. (1999). Issues and challenges in implementing community-based behavioral support for two boys with severe behavioral difficulties. In J. Scotti & L. Meyer (Eds. ), Behavioral intervention: Principles, models, and practices (pp. 363-384). Baltimore: Brookes Horner, R. H. , & Carr, E. G. (1997). Behavior support for students with severe disabilities: Functional assessment and comprehensive intervention. The Journal of Special Education, 31, 84-104.

How Potato Chips Are Made

The Manufacturing Process * 1 When the potatoes arrive at the plant, they are examined and tasted for quality. A half dozen or so buckets are randomly filled. Some are punched with holes in their cores so that they can be tracked through the cooking process. The potatoes are examined for green edges and blemishes. The pile of defective potatoes is weighed; if the weight exceeds a company's preset allowance, the entire truckload can be rejected. * 2 The potatoes move along a  conveyer belt  to the various stages of manufacturing.The conveyer belts are powered by gentle vibrations to keep breakage to a minimum. Destoning and peeling * 3 The potatoes are loaded into a vertical helical screw conveyer which allows stones to fall to the bottom and pushes the potatoes up to a conveyer belt to the automatic peeling machine. After they have been peeled, the potatoes are washed with cold water. Slicing * 4 The potatoes pass through a revolving impaler/presser that cuts them into paper-thin slices, between 0. 066-0. 072 in (1. 7-1. 85 mm) in thickness. Straight blades produce regular chips while rippled blades produce ridged potato chips. 5 The slices fall into a second cold-water wash that removes the  starch  released when the potatoes are cut. Some manufacturers, who market their chips as natural, do not wash the starch off the potatoes. Color treatment * 6 If the potatoes need to be chemically treated to enhance their color, it is done at this stage. The potato slices are immersed in a solution that has been adjusted for pH, hardness, and mineral content. Frying and salting * 7 The slices pass under air jets that remove excess water as they flow into 40-75 ft (12. 2-23 m) troughs filled with oil.The oil temperature is kept at 350-375 °F (176. 6-190. 5 °C). Paddles gently push the slices along. As the slices tumble, salt is sprinkled from receptacles positioned above the trough at the rate of about 1. 75 lb (0. 79 kg) of salt to each 100 lb (45. 4 kg) of ch ips. The Manufacturing Process * 1 When the potatoes arrive at the plant, they are examined and tasted for quality. A half dozen or so buckets are randomly filled. Some are punched with holes in their cores so that they can be tracked through the cooking process. The potatoes are examined for green edges and blemishes.The pile of defective potatoes is weighed; if the weight exceeds a company's preset allowance, the entire truckload can be rejected. * 2 The potatoes move along a  conveyer belt  to the various stages of manufacturing. The conveyer belts are powered by gentle vibrations to keep breakage to a minimum. Destoning and peeling * 3 The potatoes are loaded into a vertical helical screw conveyer which allows stones to fall to the bottom and pushes the potatoes up to a conveyer belt to the automatic peeling machine. After they have been peeled, the potatoes are washed with cold water.Slicing * 4 The potatoes pass through a revolving impaler/presser that cuts them into paper -thin slices, between 0. 066-0. 072 in (1. 7-1. 85 mm) in thickness. Straight blades produce regular chips while rippled blades produce ridged potato chips. * 5 The slices fall into a second cold-water wash that removes the  starch  released when the potatoes are cut. Some manufacturers, who market their chips as natural, do not wash the starch off the potatoes. Color treatment * 6 If the potatoes need to be chemically treated to enhance their color, it is done at this stage.The potato slices are immersed in a solution that has been adjusted for pH, hardness, and mineral content. Frying and salting * 7 The slices pass under air jets that remove excess water as they flow into 40-75 ft (12. 2-23 m) troughs filled with oil. The oil temperature is kept at 350-375 °F (176. 6-190. 5 °C). Paddles gently push the slices along. As the slices tumble, salt is sprinkled from receptacles positioned above the trough at the rate of about 1. 75 lb (0. 79 kg) of salt to each 100 lb (45. 4 kg ) of chips. Potatoes arrive daily at manufacturing plants.After they are checked for quality, they are stored at a constant temperature unfil they are processed into potato chips. Some manufacturers treat the potatoes with chemicals to improve the color of the final product. To make the chips, potatoes are fried in either corn oil, cottonseed oil, or a blend of vegetable oils. Flake salt rather than crystal salt is used to season the chips. * 8 Potato chips that are to be flavored pass through a drum filled with the desired powdered seasonings. Cooling and sorting * 9 At the end of the trough, a wire mesh belt pulls out the hot chips.As the chips move along the mesh conveyer belt, excess oil is drained off and the chips begin to cool. They then move under an optical sorter that picks out any burnt slices and removes them with puffs of air. Packaging * 10 The chips are conveyed to a packaging machine with a scale. As the pre-set weight of chips is measured, a metal detector checks th e chips once more for any foreign matter such as metal pieces that could have come with the potatoes or been picked up in the frying process. * 11 The bags flow down from a roll. A central processing unit (CPU) code on the bag tells the machine how many chips should be released into the bag.As the bag forms, (heat seals the top of the filled bag and seals the bottom of the next bag simultaneously) gates open and allow the proper amount of chips to fall into the bag. * 12 The filling process must be accomplished without letting an  overabundance  of air into the bag, while also preventing the chips from breaking. Many manufacturers use  nitrogen  to fill the space in the bags. The sealed bags are conveyed to a collator and hand-packed into cartons. * 13 Some companies pack potato chips in I O cans of various sizes. The chips flow down a chute into the cans.Workers weigh each can, make any necessary adjustments, and attach a top to the can. Quality Control Taste samples are ma de from each batch throughout the manufacturing process, usually at a rate of once per hour. The tasters check the chips for salt, seasoning, moisture, color, and overall flavor. Color is compared to charts that show acceptable chip colors. Preventing breakage is a primary goal for potato chip manufacturers. Companies have installed safeguards at various points in the manufacturing process to decrease the chances for breakage. The heights that chips fall from conveyer belts to fryers have been decreased.Plastic conveyer belts have been replaced with wide mesh stainless steel belts. These allow only the larger chips to travel to the fryers and the smaller potato slivers to fall through the mesh. Byproducts/Waste Rejected potatoes and peelings are sent to farms to be used as animal feed. The starch that is removed in the rinsing process is sold to a starch processor. The Future Potato chips show no sign of declining in popularity. However, the public's increased demand for low-fat foo ds has put manufacturers on a fast track to produce a reduced-calorie chip that pleases the palate as well.In the late 1990s, Proctor and Gamble introduced olestra, a fat substitute that was being test-marketed in a variety of products, including potato chips. Food technicians are using computer programs to design a crunchier chip. Upper- and lower-wave forms are fed into the computer at varying amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The computer then spits out the corresponding models. Researchers are also working on genetically engineered potatoes with less sugar content since it is the sugar that produces brown spots on chips. Potatoes arrive daily at manufacturing plants.After they are checked for quality, they are stored at a constant temperature unfil they are processed into potato chips. Some manufacturers treat the potatoes with chemicals to improve the color of the final product. To make the chips, potatoes are fried in either corn oil, cottonseed oil, or a blend of vegetable oils. Flake salt rather than crystal salt is used to season the chips. * 8 Potato chips that are to be flavored pass through a drum filled with the desired powdered seasonings. Cooling and sorting * 9 At the end of the trough, a wire mesh belt pulls out the hot chips.As the chips move along the mesh conveyer belt, excess oil is drained off and the chips begin to cool. They then move under an optical sorter that picks out any burnt slices and removes them with puffs of air. Packaging * 10 The chips are conveyed to a packaging machine with a scale. As the pre-set weight of chips is measured, a metal detector checks the chips once more for any foreign matter such as metal pieces that could have come with the potatoes or been picked up in the frying process. * 11 The bags flow down from a roll. A central processing unit (CPU) code on the bag tells the machine how many chips should be released into the bag.As the bag forms, (heat seals the top of the filled bag and seals the bottom of t he next bag simultaneously) gates open and allow the proper amount of chips to fall into the bag. * 12 The filling process must be accomplished without letting an  overabundance  of air into the bag, while also preventing the chips from breaking. Many manufacturers use  nitrogen  to fill the space in the bags. The sealed bags are conveyed to a collator and hand-packed into cartons. * 13 Some companies pack potato chips in I O cans of various sizes. The chips flow down a chute into the cans.Workers weigh each can, make any necessary adjustments, and attach a top to the can. Quality Control Taste samples are made from each batch throughout the manufacturing process, usually at a rate of once per hour. The tasters check the chips for salt, seasoning, moisture, color, and overall flavor. Color is compared to charts that show acceptable chip colors. Preventing breakage is a primary goal for potato chip manufacturers. Companies have installed safeguards at various points in the ma nufacturing process to decrease the chances for breakage. The heights that chips fall from conveyer belts to fryers have been decreased.Plastic conveyer belts have been replaced with wide mesh stainless steel belts. These allow only the larger chips to travel to the fryers and the smaller potato slivers to fall through the mesh. Byproducts/Waste Rejected potatoes and peelings are sent to farms to be used as animal feed. The starch that is removed in the rinsing process is sold to a starch processor. The Future Potato chips show no sign of declining in popularity. However, the public's increased demand for low-fat foods has put manufacturers on a fast track to produce a reduced-calorie chip that pleases the palate as well. In the late 990s, Proctor and Gamble introduced olestra, a fat substitute that was being test-marketed in a variety of products, including potato chips. Food technicians are using computer programs to design a crunchier chip. Upper- and lower-wave forms are fed int o the computer at varying amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The computer then spits out the corresponding models. Researchers are also working on genetically engineered potatoes with less sugar content since it is the sugar that produces brown spots on chips. Read more:  http://www. madehow. com/Volume-3/Potato-Chip. html#b#ixzz2LGhArQvs