Case Study - Employment Law - Employment Discrimination Case Essay - 1

Contextual analysis - Employment Law - Employment Discrimination Case - Essay Example They had both remarked contrarily towards him and it was obvious that they were out to end his activity and agreement. Staub had before been made to check with his boss whenever he left the activity premises after bogus charge that he had left the work environment. After certain months, one of the bosses malignantly detailed Staub to the VP for leaving the work zone. This was trailed by a suspension from his work by the VP. The proof given made the jury to lead in the kindness of the complainant however some time later the government court switched the decision. In the decision, the appointed authorities asserted that the choice made by the VP was not exclusively reliant on the data given by the administrators. This hence governed him out of the segregation case. In this manner, the Court of Appeal presumed that the organization was not obligated. This decision was upset by the Supreme Court on the premise that the business stays obligated if the choice made is persuaded by a segregation predisposition. As indicated by Guerin (2011), this decision was thusly for Staub and that filled in as an incredible inspiration to workers experiencing the equivalent. This Act is along these lines significant in defending the privileges of workers against prejudicial managers. Guerin, L. (2011). Preeminent Court triumph for representatives in separation case. Nolo’s Employment Law Blog. Recovered from

The bible and Quran common teaching about voilence and faith Essay

The good book and Quran normal educating about voilence and confidence - Essay Example From Arabia and Persia: The World of Islam and the Near East: The Spread of Christianity written in the Bedford Anthology of World Literature, it discusses the historical backdrop of how Islam, the most youthful religion, and Christianity, was built up and framed. In the deserts of Arabian Peninsula during the seventh century, a prophet named Muhammad, at 30 years old while he was in a cavern, accepted to have gotten a calling from Allah, the Islamic name of God, and that he was the remainder of the prophets. From that point on, he started to lecture and offer Allah’s disclosures introduced to Muhammad to the remainder of the world. The disclosures, said to be simply the exact expressions of Allah is saved in its content called the Qur’an. Muslims practice the lessons in it, including the Five Pillars, for example, fasting and offerings giving, and different practices, for example, Jihad, otherwise called battle. Christianity, then again, was made around 30 A.D. Every o ne of its lessons and the practices done by Christians depend on Jesus Christ’s life and lessons. In the Rise of Christianity, it clarifies and retells the spread of Christianity, beginning from the Roman Empire. Jesus’ lessons are totally introduced in the various writings and sacred texts for the most part the Hebrew Bible, which discusses Jesus’ birth, his life including his demise and restoration. Its primary instructing is that Jesus Christ, who is the Messiah, kicked the bucket for the world’s sins and on the off chance that anyone acknowledges Him as their Lord and individual Savior, they will have the option to go to paradise and be with God. Christians work on venerating and applauding the Lord, supplicating and fasting, and immersion. Despite the fact that they are two absolutely and totally various religions, Christianity and Islam are thought of and respected to be the nearest between every single other religion as far as their confidence, con victions just as a portion of their qualities, sharing a few similitudes and resemblance. The primary comparability that the two religions share is the monotheistic confidence in a similar God. In Islam, this is appeared through a few refrains in Islam’s most sacrosanct book, the Qur’an. In one of the refrains composed, especially in Qur’an 3:64, it says â€Å"Say, ‘O devotees of the sacred writing, let us go to a coherent understanding among us and you: that we will not venerate with the exception of GOD; that we never set up any icons other than Him, nor set up any people as masters close to GOD.’ If they dismiss, say, ‘Bear witness that we are submitters.† And in the Holy Bible, it says in the book of first Corinthians in the New Testament, â€Å"yet for us there is nevertheless one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is nevertheless one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and thro ugh whom we live.† The Qur’an and the Bible likewise put stock in the presence and nearness of holy messengers who are the flag-bearers of God, unendingly praising Him. Both blessed books additionally recount similar prophets, for example, Adam, the main human on Earth, Noah, Abraham whom is profoundly offered significance to in Islam and is accepted to be one of, if not the most significant prophet and ambassador of Allah who has followed the entirety of the Lord’s precepts and who has beaten all the preliminaries that God has given, Moses and Jesus, however in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God, not only a prophet in which Islam accepts. The Day of Resurrection and Judgment and the conviction that it is foreordained by God yet obscure to any other person in paradise and on Earth is likewise a typical and a common conviction written in the two writings.

95 Leadership Quotes and Lessons by Famous CEOs and Entrepreneurs

95 Leadership Quotes and Lessons by Famous CEOs and Entrepreneurs A good quote is a powerful motivational tool which can help you grow in all areas of your life. When the quote is by established CEOs and entrepreneurs, who’ve done it all and who are talking from experience, you can learn a great deal about things such as leadership. © Shutterstock.com | sibgatBelow are 95 quotes about the key areas of leadership: on becoming a leader, having passion and vision, creating the right strategy, getting past the fear of failure, empowering others, and succeeding in leadership. The quotes will hopefully inspire you and give you food for thought on your journey to being a better leader.LEADERSHIP QUOTES ON BECOMING A LEADERLet’s first examine the qualities that make a good leader and the road you must be willing to take if you want to become a respectable leader.#1. “Becoming a leader is synonymous with becoming yourself. It is precisely that simple and it is also that difficult.” â€" Warren BennisBennis points out the essence of leadership, which is about elevating yourself to the next level. Becoming a leader doesn’t mean you try to be something else â€" there is no magic book you can read and copy the actions in order to be a leader. Becoming a leader is about understanding your own strengths and weaknesses, and improving your character to becoming the true representation of yourself â€" a leader.#2. “Today a reader, tomorrow a leader.” â€" Margaret FullerLeadership is not a skill you either have or you don’t. It requires both experience and continuous development. In order to become a leader, you need to study your field, learn about yourself and discover the different aspects of leadership.#3. “Leadership is a potent combination of strategy and character. But if you must be without one, be without the strategy.” â€" Norman SchwarzkopfThe above quote is an interesting take on how to be a leader. It essentially emphasizes that leadership is not just a set of practices you must do, but also a showcasing of your personality and your character. To prove yourself as a leader, you need to show character, not a list of achievements.#4. “You cannot be a leader, and ask other people to follow you, unless you know how to follow, too.” â€" Sam RayburnIt’s also important to rememb er that leading is not just about walking in front of others. In fact, you can learn a lot more about being a good leader by following others. The quote reflects the idea that in order to lead, you need to be able to relate to the experiences of your subordinates.#5. “The distance between number one and number two is always a constant. If you want to improve the organisation, you have to improve yourself and the organisation gets pulled up with you. That is a big lesson.” â€" Indra NooyiThe chairperson and the CEO of PepsiCo points out an important aspect of leadership, which is about the need of continuous self-development. An organization is often only as good as its leader. If you want to elevate your company and its subordinates, you need to enhance your own character and qualities first.#6. “Great leaders are not defined by the absence of weakness, but rather by the presence of clear strengths.” â€" John ZengerA good leader understands that he or she cannot be perfect. As humans, we all have weaknesses, but success isn’t about the ability to hide those qualities. It is about shining light on the strengths and ensuring you use those to your best ability.#7. “Average leaders raise the bar on themselves; good leaders raise the bar for others; great leaders inspire to raise their own bar.” â€" Orrin WoodwardLeadership begins with yourself. As Woodward implies, the important thing is to ensure you are looking to develop and up your game. By focusing on self-reflection and self-improvement, you can motivate the people around you to do the same.#8. “Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes.” â€" Peter F. DruckerThere are people who are charismatic, who can step into a room and captivate everyone in it with their presence. But leadership isn’t just about the ability to charm others to be on your side. If you have nothing to show for your talent, then you aren’t a true l eader. The words you speak essentially have to be meaningful and backed up by actions.#9. “The quality of a leader is reflected in the standards they set for themselves.” â€" Ray KrocSimilarly to Woodward’s quote, Kroc is underlying the crucial nature of self-reflection. Set high standards for yourself and you will inspire those around you. If you showcase strength of character, of conviction and of work morale, you can lead better because you are speaking from experience. As mentioned above, you are backing up your words with actions.#10. “A man must be big enough to admit his mistakes, smart enough to profit from them, and strong enough to correct them.” â€" John C. MaxwellThis quote by the CEO of the John Maxwell Company identifies one of the core characteristics of a leader: the ability to learn from your mistakes and the humility to be accountable. It’s not easy to admit you’re wrong, but it takes even more to fix your mistakes.#11. “Leaders get out in front and stay there by raising the standards by which they judge themselves â€" and by which they are willing to be judged.” â€" Frederick W. SmithAnother important lesson in accountability comes from the founder and the CEO of FedEx: leaders can’t avoid accountability. The position of a leader should not be a bubble of protection preventing criticism. If you expect others to perform in a certain way, you need to expect it from yourself as well and be able to take in the feedback when it comes your way.Here is a great talk with Oprah Winfrey on her career, life, and leadership. #12. “What you do has far greater impact that what you say.” â€" Stephen CoveyWhile words are important, your actions as a leader can speak louder than a thousand words. A leader cannot say one thing, while doing something else. If you show you are accountable through your actions, the subordinates will trust you more than if you simply wrote a lovely letter about corporate responsibility.#13. “The first re sponsibility of a leader is to define reality. The last is to say thank you. In between, the leader is a servant.” â€" Max dePreeDePree’s quote is a simple analysis of the leader’s role. First, it’s about creating the vision and then it’s about ensuring the vision is implemented appropriately. It hints at the importance of empowering others and how crucial it is to remember the significance of the group for success.#14. “If the leader is filled with high ambition and if he pursues his aims with audacity and strength of will, he will reach them in spite of all obstacles.” â€" Carl von ClausewitzThe best leaders are ready to aim high, even against the odds. They show strength and courage to keep moving towards their vision because they believe in the message. Ambition is not something to shy away from â€" you need to search for it in order to succeed as a leader.#15. “Whether you think you can or you can’t; you’re right.” â€" Henry FordThe famous quote by Henry F ord is a powerful example of expectations. If you are expecting to fail your mission, you most likely will. But if you truly believe in yourself, then anything is possible.#16. “Don’t be intimidated by what you don’t know. That can be your greatest strength and ensure that you do things differently from everyone else.” â€" Sara BlakelyYou shouldn’t be afraid of not having enough knowledge, because the realization of this will always lead you to the path of discovery and learning. If you admit you don’t know how something works, you immediately force yourself to go out and find out more. You might even look into applying the knowledge you already have in order to solve the problem. On the other hand, if you pretend you have all the answers, you stop improving and you risk failing your quest for achieving your objectives.LEADERSHIP QUOTES ON HAVING PASSION AND A VISIONOne of the most important things a leader needs to have is passion. Without passion, it’s hard to create a compelling argument for people to follow you. Once you’ve found your passion as a leader, you need to develop vision and ensure you communicate it to your followers in an inspiring manner.#17. “Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.” â€" Steve JobsThe co-founder and former CEO of Apple certainly knew about having a vision. Leaders are in that position because they distinguish themselves from the rest of the team. The best way to step up is by creating a vision no one else has thought about. Jobs had a vision of a phone that wasn’t just about the phone, but of a specific user experience. He pursued the idea even when it seemed unobtainable at the time.#18. “There exist limitless opportunities in every industry. Where there is an open mind, there will always be a frontier.” â€" Charles F. KetteringThe quote is a good reminder of the endless opportunities we have in our grasp. Breaking into an industry is never easy, but a good leader is able to see ma rkets where there aren’t any.#19. “Leadership and culture aren’t about being the boss or being in control; they are about creating shared visions and goals, and then inspiring, empowering and influencing others to achieve more than they ever thought possible.” â€" Gary BrooksUrjanet’s CMO outlines an important lesson about the essence of leadership. It requires just a few building blocks: creating a vision, establishing objectives, empowering others, and achieving greatness as a team. You shouldn’t complicate leadership, but accept it for what it is.#20. “Chase the vision, not the money; the money will end up following you.” â€" Tony HsiehHsieh’s quote has a powerful message. As a leader, the aim should always be to pursue your dreams, despite the odds or the immediate financial viability. You can’t get into business only by calculating the profits because profits will always follow if your ideas are good. ‘How to make money?’ is not a great starting point. I nstead, you want to say, ‘This is my passion; now how will I turn it into a business?’#21. “I try not to make any decisions that I’m not excited about.” â€" Jake NickellA leader will need to make many decisions. Not necessarily in terms of being in charge of everything, but even delegating decision-making to others is a judgment call for the leader. The CEO of Threadless has said his secret is about focusing on the things that inspire him as a leader. When you are passionate about the topic, you’ll most likely research the answers carefully, which will lead to better decision-making and more success.#22. “If you think you are leading and turn around to see no one following, then you are just taking a walk.” â€" Benjamin HooksOf course, having a vision isn’t enough. You can’t call yourself a leader if you have no one listening to your message. Leaders need to define their vision in a way that inspires others. This requires a good understanding of the things you ar e trying to achieve and the ability to communicate clearly.#23. “Leaders think and talk about the solutions. Followers think and talk about the problems.” â€" Brian TracyYour mindset needs to be on the solution and not the problem. It’s possible to focus on analyzing a problem for a long time, mainly because it is easier than discussing how to solve it. Instead of wasting your energy on the problem, spend more time considering the different solutions available to you.#24. “Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs.” â€" Farrah GrayLeaders are different than followers because the leader is willing to fight for their vision and dreams. As a leader, you need to provide the vision and you need to have a clear idea of where you want to be. Otherwise, you will simply be following someone else’s.#25. “A leader has the vision and conviction that a dream can be achieved. He inspired the power and energy to get it done.” â€" Ralph LaurenThe fashion m ogul knows passion and vision alone are not enough. The leader must show conviction to execute the plans accordingly. You can’t just dream big, you must show willingness to put your own energy into turning those dreams into reality.#26. “The future belongs to those who see possibilities before they become obvious.” â€" John ScullyAs mentioned in some of the earlier quotes, a leader is someone who is able to see the future before it happens. A good visionary leader is not looking to improve what is already out there, but to look beyond the current stage of things and find a new way of doing things.#27. “The very essence of leadership is [that] you have a vision. It’s got to be a vision you articulate clearly and forcefully on every occasion. You can’t blow an uncertain trumpet.” â€" Theodore HesburghHesburgh’s quote highlights not just the importance of having vision, but the conviction to follow it. You need to be able to trust and believe in your ideas, because no o ne will buy your idea if you don’t. You wouldn’t buy a car from a person who seems unsure whether it will last beyond the next week and you wouldn’t follow a leader who doesn’t believe in his or her message.#28. “It’s not what the vision is, it’s what the vision does.” â€" Peter SengeSenge makes an interesting point about the need for your vision to be executable and to create real change. Creating a vision is easy, but creating one that creates a positive change and transforms the organization or the people in it for something better can be tough. Don’t just focus on the plan and the way to get things done; highlight the outcome in terms of change and transformation as well.#29. “Dreams are extremely important. You can’t do it unless you can imagine it.” â€" George LucasWe are all too often reminded about ‘keeping it real’ and keeping our feet on the ground. But sometimes you need big dreams to move forward. Many of our greatest inventions wouldn’t hav e happened if someone didn’t dare to dream beyond the current capabilities.#30. “When you have vision it affects your attitude. Your attitude is optimistic rather than pessimistic.” â€" Charles R. SwindollHaving a vision is not just important in terms of generating a strategy. As Swindoll’s quote suggests, having goals will also positively influence your attitude. Studies show how people with goals are more successful than people who don’t set milestones for themselves.#31. “One of the things that may get in the way of people being lifelong learners is that they’re not in touch with their passion. If you’re passionate about what it is you do, then you’re going to be looking for everything you can to get better at it.” â€" Jack CanfieldStaying on top of your game is not easy if you’re not playing the game you are passionate about. Passion is the best motivator and motivation is required for leadership to work. You can rise to the top by perseverance in almost an ything you set your mind to. But you will only stay there if you are passionate to keep your focus and to improve every single day.#32. “Purpose may point you in the right direction but it’s passion that propels you.” â€" Travis McAshanAs mentioned above, passion is the perfect way to motivate yourself to take the next step. It doesn’t mean things wouldn’t be hard or you wouldn’t occasionally feel like giving up. It simply means that after a moment, you can still feel the fire is there inside you to keep moving. LEADERSHIP QUOTES ON CREATING THE RIGHT STRATEGYWhen the vision is set, leadership becomes all about outlining and executing your strategy. For a leader, the ability to create a compelling strategy that inspires other people will be the key to success.#33. “One of the tests of leadership is the ability to recognise a problem before it becomes an emergency.” â€" Arnold GlasowLeadership is essentially about taking action rather than a reaction to what is happen ing. Therefore, a good leader is not only able to create a vision to move towards, but to ensure problems are dealt with before they start sinking the ship.#34. “Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.” â€" Harold R. McAlindonMcAlindon’s quote continues the theme set forward in the previous section. As a leader, you want to create a new path rather than follow someone else’s footsteps. But your vision also has to be compelling enough to ensure others can follow you. This requires you to present a strong vision and be willing to guide the people walking behind you.#35. “Don’t limit yourself. Many people limit themselves to what they think they can do. You can go as far as your mind lets you. What you believe, remember, you can achieve.” â€" Mary Kay AshWhen you are creating a strategy for your leadership, remember the above lesson from the founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics. Don’t set boundaries to your success, but dream big and follow your vision.#36. “Telling people not what they want to hear but what they need to hear is a key element of being able to lead.” â€" John SmithLeadership can be a tough challenge, not least because it requires you to occasionally do and say things that aren’t what people want to hear. Leadership is not about pleasing others or pretending everything is fine when the roof is on fire. You need to be prepared to say it like it is, but to communicate your message in a positive rather than negative manner.#37. “Example is not the main thing in influencing others; it is the only thing.” â€" Albert SchweitzerSchweitzer is adamant setting an example is the only strategy for a leader. The point is important because too many leaders today, simply stay in the ivory tower and bark orders. It’s important to show the subordinates you lead by example because it shows two things. First, it tells you have the knowledge and experience to ask for the actions and behaviors. Se cond, you highlight your ability to understand the experience of others. You are essentially showing empathy because you are telling them you know the sacrifice or the effort, since you’ve been there too.#38. “You don’t lead by pointing and telling people some place to go. You lead by going to that place and making a case.” â€" Ken KeseySimilar to the above quote, Kesay makes the point of leading through example. As a leader, you must be willing to do the things you are asking your subordinates to do. This shows you have knowledge of how things work in the real world.#39. “I don’t think just trying to maximise profits is a very good long-term strategy for a business. It doesn’t inspire the people who work for you.” â€" John MackeyIn terms of strategy, Whole Foods co-founder John Mackey’s quote reveals the essence of leadership and longevity. You need the strategy to be built around your vision â€" to have a long-term focus and short-term inspiration to keep the sub ordinates engaged and interested.#40. “You have to be very nimble and very open minded. Your success is going to be very dependent on how you adapt” â€" Jeremy StoppelmanAs mentioned before, leadership is about change. But this doesn’t just mean change in terms of implementing your vision, but also in terms of adjusting to the constant moving environment around you. No business can survive without the ability to accept and embrace change. As a leader, you need to be able to adjust the strategy depending on the situation and be open-minded to take in new information.#41. “Control is not leadership; management is not leadership; leadership is leadership. If you seek to lead, invest at least 50% of your time in leading yourself â€" your own purpose, ethics, principles, motivation, conduct. Invest at least 20% leading those with authority over you and 15% leading your peers.” â€" Dee HockHock’s quote explains the key aspects to a solid leadership framework. You need to conti nue investing in your own development, in terms of improving your skills and building up your character. But you also need to learn more about the people surrounding you, those in higher positions and those who are part of your team.#42. “The challenge of leadership is to be strong, but not rude: be kind, but not weak; be bold, but not bully; be thoughtful, but not lazy; be humble but not timid; be proud, but not arrogant; have humour, but without folly.” Jim RohnThe above is a beautiful illustration of the different qualities you need as a leader and those you don’t. It’s easy to see the position of power abused, but if you maintain your empathy and stick to your convictions, you can treat people with respect and still achieve the objectives.#43. “Ninety percent of leadership is the ability to communicate something people want.” â€" Dianne FeinsteinFeinstein’s quote reveals the one skill you need to invest in, if you are passionate about becoming a better leader, is c ommunication. The ability to communicate can be a powerful tool for motivating, inspiring and guiding people. If you are good at it, you can save yourself from a number of common communication mistakes and maintain a happy team.#44. “Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall.” â€" Stephen R. CoveySince leadership is about change, you won’t be able to see the path ahead of you. This often means the strategies you use and the actions you take won’t be tried and tested. It’s your job as the leader to go ahead and make way to others following behind you.#45. “All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else is the essence of leadership.” â€" John Kenneth GalbraithJohn Kenneth Galbraith quote is a strong reminder of what leadership should be about. It isn’t about the title or the money; it’s not often about becoming a leader either. Leadership happens when you care deeply about something and you want to change things around for the benefit of a team, an industry, or even the society. It shouldn’t be about what you can achieve, but what you can do for the wider community.Learn more about servant leadership in this great TED talk. #46. “Nothing stops an organisation faster than people who believe that the way you worked yesterday is the best way to work tomorrow.” â€" Jon MadonnaAnother reminder of the importance of keeping your eyes open and staying open-minded comes from Jon Madonna. You can’t stop innovating or thinking about new strategies just because your business is currently doing well and your leadership is working. Tomorrow can bring plenty of new challenges and you need to keep looking ahead.#47. “Rowing harder doesn’t help if the boat is headed in the wrong direction.” â€" Kenichi OhmaeOverall, wit hout a proper strategy, leadership will not work. You can have the characteristics, the skills and the passion, but if you don’t have a plan to execute, you might as well be rowing on dry land.LEADERSHIP QUOTES ON GETTING PAST THE FEAR OF FAILUREIf there is one obstacle to obtaining and maintaining solid leadership, it is the fear of failure or of the unknown. Plenty of entrepreneurs have experienced this and the below quotes are the perfect motivation to move beyond the fear.#48. “Don’t worry about failure; you only have to be right once.” â€" Drew HoustonThe founder and the CEO of Dropbox gives a short but valuable tip: success is success no matter when you achieve it. The fact you failed ten times before you got it right doesn’t matter: what matters is that you eventually achieved what you set out to achieve. Success shouldn’t have a timeline.#49. “Fail often so you can succeed sooner.” â€" Tom KelleySince failure is inevitable, you shouldn’t be afraid of it. In fact, just as Ideo’s founder suggests above, you should embrace the failure from the start. Failure is always a lesson and you’ll learn from each mistake you make â€" all of which makes success faster to come by.#50. “I do not think that there is any other quality so essential to success of any kind as the quality of perseverance. It overcomes almost everything, even nature.” â€" John D. RockefellerLeadership is often about winning against the odds. As Rockefeller suggests with the above quote, you need to be able to stand in the wind and the rain in order to see the sunshine.#51. “If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always gotten.” â€" Tony RobbinsIf you make a cup of coffee every morning, you can’t be disappointed it never tastes like tea. In order to succeed in something you want but don’t have, you need to look at your approach and change it accordingly. Every leader has to have the ability to look whether the approach is working or n ot. While perseverance is essential, you should never keep hitting your head on the wall to get through if there is a door in the room.#52. “You don’t concentrate on risks. You concentrate on results. No risk is too great to prevent the necessary job from getting done.” â€" Chuck YeagerYeager provides leaders a helpful mindset with the above quote. The focus should never be on the things that can go wrong, but on the objectives, you are hoping to fulfill. Define your success and measure your progress with it, not with failure.You need to take smart risks. #53. “The things we fear most in organisations â€" fluctuations, disturbances, imbalances â€" are the primary sources of creativity.” â€" Margaret WheatleyThe above is a powerful reminder of the dangers of conformity. Change is the most powerful driver of creativity because it forces people to think differently. As a leader and an organization, you need to embrace change and disruption, using it for something good.#54. †œIt takes humility to realise that we don’t know everything, not to rest on our laurels, and to know that we must keep learning and observing. If we don’t, we can be sure some startup will be there to take our place.” â€" Cher WangThe co-founder of HTC reminds us with the quote about humility. Leadership requires you to occasionally step back and remember you don’t always have to have the answers â€" in fact, it’s good to seek other people’s opinion and advice regularly.#55. “Don’t be afraid to give up the good to go for the great.” â€" John D. RockefellerLeadership does often require sacrifices. The comfortable job you have, with the steady salary might be good, but are they enough? If you want to achieve greatness, you can’t settle for good. Stepping out from the comfort zone is not easy, but it is possible.#56. “Those who let things happen usually lose to those who make things happen.” â€" Dave WeinbaumSimilar to the above quote, Weinbaum reminds people ab out the importance of being a person of action and not a person of reaction. If you are actively out there, seeking improvement and success, you’re more likely to encounter it than the person just hoping to grasp onto it once it passes by.#57. “If you limit your choices only to what seems possible or reasonable, you disconnect yourself from what you truly want, and all that is left is a compromise.” â€" Robert FritzLeadership is about going after a vision you want and which you see as the best objective for the organization. It’s not about finding a vision or path that is the easiest or the most likelihood. It’s about following your convictions.#58. “Success is 99 percent failure.” â€" Soichiro HondaIn a similar vein to what has been said above, Honda defines the essence of success as the acceptance of failure. Success is hard to achieve and it’s even harder to do it without ever failing. In essence, Honda’s message resonates the age-old wisdom of ‘practice makes perfect’.#59. “Success is often achieved by those who don’t know that failure is inevitable.” â€" Coco ChanelCoco Chanel’s view is definitely interesting because it points out the problem of focusing on failure. It essentially tells how much easier it is to go after your dreams, if you don’t cripple yourself with the knowledge of failure. Stop focusing on the things you have to lose and turn your attention to the things you can gain.#60. “A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.” â€" John BurroughsWhen the inevitable happens and you make a mistake and fail, you should never simply look around you and start pointing the finger at others. Leadership is about accountability and you need to be able to first study the things you could have done better or differently, before you begin the blame-game.#61. “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” â€" Thomas A. EdisonEdison’s way of looking at failure is interesting because it actually redefines the meaning of failure. He doesn’t want to view those moments as mistakes, but as opportunities to learn.#62. “Even when you go after a more ambitious goal, even if you fail to achieve that one, all the side effects that come along the way can be that much more rewarding and significant in their own right.” â€" Sergey BrinGoogle’s co-founder highlights the importance of trying and the opportunities a failed attempt will provide. Having a go at things and not succeeding doesn’t mean you failed â€" you might have actually learned a lesson that will help you avoid an even bigger fall in the future.#63. “All progress takes place outside the comfort zone.” â€" Michael John BobakOverall, for a leader to succeed, the idea of maintaining the status quo is something to avoid. Leadership in its essence is about the movement towards something else. You’ll never move from Point A to Point B, if you aren’t willing to step out of the comfort zone. LEADERSHIP QUOTES ON EMPOWERING OTHERSLeadership is not a solo sport, although it might seem like it. In many instances, it is the people around the team helping the leader become better; something famous CEOs and entrepreneurs have understood well.#64. “Before you are a leader, success is all about growing yourself. When you become a leader, success is all about growing others.” â€" Jack WelchThe above quote by the former GE chairman and CEO highlight the essence of empowering others. Leadership is a position that provides you the tools that guarantee others can aim to elevate themselves â€" just as you did before them.#65. “Leadership is about making others better as a result of your presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence.” â€" Sheryl SandbergEmpowering others is an important part of leadership because it can help the organization prepare for the future. By mentoring the leaders of tomorrow, the organization can guarantee succe ssion is part of the bigger vision.#66. “The growth and development of people is the highest calling of leadership.” â€" Harvey S. FirestoneA big part of leadership is about the desire to help others excel. According to Firestone, it’s the most important aspect of it, as you should focus your efforts on enhancing the character and abilities of your subordinates.#67. “Having a personality of caring about people is important. You can’t be a good leader unless you generally like people. That is how you bring out the best in them.” â€" Sir Richard BransonThe quote by the founder of the Virgin Group highlights a key quality of leadership: empathy. You need to be able to relate to others and wish them well before you can excel as a leader.#68. “A lot of people have gone further than they thought they could because someone else thought they could.” â€" Zig ZiglarGaining a position of power will take a lot of hard work, but it isn’t something you achieve on your own. Don†™t forget about the people along the way that guided you and believed in you. Likewise, don’t forget that by believing in others, you can help them in their journey.#69. ”There is a hero in all of us. What you need is a leader to make people realise that they don’t have to be less than ordinary, that they can be more than ordinary.” â€" Christo WieseA good leader is able to showcase people the possibilities awaiting them if they work hard and believe in themselves. Being and doing something worthwhile doesn’t mean you need to be in a top position or have a special title. A good leader can show everyone just how important he or she is for the team.#70. “Leadership is the art of giving people a platform for spreading ideas that work.” â€" Seth GodinWhen you gain a leadership position, you will gain immense power to provide opportunities for others. Use your platform to give voice to others, instead of just building a taller podium for yourself. By empowering others to de velop their ideas, you can improve your own understanding and therefore, refine your vision and action plan for something better.#71. “As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others.” â€" Bill GatesThe co-founder of Microsoft outlines the most important reason for empowering others. By being the leader who develops and inspires others, you guarantee a succession of leadership within not just the organization, but also the wider society.#72. “Leaders don’t inflict pain, they share pain.” â€" Max de PreeThe above quote perfectly illustrates the wrong idea many have about leadership. They equate power to lack of empathy or care for others. But leadership is never about getting your own way, no matter the consequences.#73. A leader is a person you will follow to a place you would not go by yourself.” â€" Joel BarkerLeader’s role is comparable to an icebreaker. The leader must be at the forefront of the organization and sort out the issues that might slow the way. They need to inspire the subordinates by showing courage in the face of adversity. Breaking down barriers and implementing a new vision might not be easy, but followers tend to go with the leader, if the leader shows them the right way to go and removes the obstacles out of the way. #74. “High expectations are the key to absolutely everything.” â€" Sam WaltonThe founder of Wal-Mart teaches an important lesson with the above quote. While you need to elevate others and guide them in your role as a leader, you should never expect anything but the best from your team. Set the standards high and you’ll see success. Leadership is about helping others move along, not dragging them through.#75. “A leader’s job is not to do the work for others, it’s to help others figure out how to do it themselves, to get things done, and to succeed beyond what they thought possible.” â€" Simon SinekSometimes the leader’s job is not to hold the hands of the subordina tes, but rather to allow them grow at their own pace. There are occasions when leaders can help the best by providing the tools and the framework, but letting the subordinates find their own way of making use of it.#76. “A leader’s role is to raise people’s aspirations for what they can become and to release their energies so they will try to get there.” â€" David GergenIt’s not always enough to provide the team with the resources to help them develop their skills and characteristics. The leader should also enhance their aspirations and help them see they also can dream big. A leader should not just focus on helping the person achieve his or her dreams, but to take a closer look at those aspirations and elevate them higher as well.#77. “You know, as most entrepreneurs do, that a company is only as good as its people. The hard part is actually building the team that will embody your company culture and proper you forward.” â€" Kathryn MinshewLeaders succeed because they surround themselves with the right team. It’s imperative for the leader to outline a company culture and find the people that nurture the culture, not hinder it.#78. “People want guidance, not rhetoric; they need to know what the plan of action is and how it will be implemented. They want to be given responsibility to help solve the problem and the authority to act on it.” â€" Howard SchultzEssentially, the above quote by the founder of Starbucks brings together the different elements we’ve discussed above. Subordinates want the leader to show through example, what they can achieve; they want the leader to help them elevate their own ambitions and abilities; and they want to be given the resources to help with the implementation of the vision.#79. “You cannot have faith in people unless you take action to improve and develop them.” â€" Sumatra GhoshalThe above quote is an essential lesson in the power of knowledge and why it needs to be shared, not hidden. As a leader, you need to provide the subordinates with the right knowledge and resources to succeed â€" if you do this, the rest is up to them.LEADERSHIP QUOTES ON ACHIEVING SUCCESSSo, what do entrepreneurs and CEOs think about success? In the final section, we’ll explore how success is defined and what you should be willing to do as a leader in order to achieve it.#80. “The task of leadership is not to put greatness into humanity, but to elicit it, for the greatness is already there.” â€" John BuchanThe above quote is a beautiful reminder of the power of leadership. Success is the ability to pursue to vision and bring about change that can empower and elevate people around it.#81. “The road to success and the road to failure are almost exactly the same.” â€" Colin R. DavisDavis’ reminder is an important lesson to learn. As discussed above, failure is part of the experience of leadership and by continuing to push forward; you will eventually come to the point where you’ve succeeded .#82. “No matter how brilliant your mind or strategy, if you’re playing a solo game, you’ll always lose out to a team.” â€" Reid HoffmanThe co-founder of LinkedIn makes an important point about success. You won’t succeed on your own and you should never forget about the team. Even the world’s best solo sportspersons have a team of physicians, trainers and so on behind them to support the journey. As a leader, you need to remember this. While you might have created the vision, you will need other people to help you execute it to perfection.#83. “No man will make a great leader who wants to do it all himself, or go to get all the credit for doing it.” â€" Andrew CarnegieRelating to the above quote, Carnegie’s quote reminds about the importance of acknowledging the help. Leadership is not about putting yourself on a podium, but helping others climb up the mountain with you. If you are seeking fame and glory, defining success by just what happens to you, you won’t su cceed in becoming a great leader.#84. “The most dangerous poison is the feeling of achievement. The antidote is to every evening think what can be done better tomorrow.” â€" Ingvar KampradOnce the feeling of success sneaks upon you, remember this quote by the founder of IKEA. Enjoy your achievements for a moment, but don’t become complacent. There is no quicker way to destroy the hard work than lying down to marvel your accomplishments. There are people out there looking to get ahead of you and they will if you turn your attention away from the road.#85. “Unless you choose to do great things with it, makes no difference how much you are rewarded, or how much power you have.” â€" Oprah WinfreyOne of the world’s most successful female entrepreneurs knows where the real success comes from: improvement. Whether you are improving the company, the subordinates, the society or the environment, set yourself to change things for the better.#86. “You shouldn’t gloat about anyt hing you’ve done. You ought to keep going and try to find something better to do.” â€" David PackardYour accomplishments will speak for themselves, they don’t need you to do PR. Don’t spend your time telling people what you’ve done, but go out there and continue proving your point by creating change.#87. “There are countless ways of achieving greatness, but any road to achieving one’s maximum potential must be built on a bedrock of respect for the individual, a commitment to excellence, and a rejection of mediocrity.” â€" Buck RodgersRodgers hammers home the keys to success: respect, commitment and thirst for greatness. Success won’t be achieved by putting down others or by finding shortcuts to avoid hard work. You most definitely won’t be a great leader if you don’t set the standards high.#88. “Define success on your own terms, achieve it by your own rules, and build a life you’re proud to live.” â€" Anne SweeneyYou shouldn’t try to recreate another pe rson’s success or look at your accomplishments through the lens of someone else’s. You can define leadership in terms of what it means to you and what you want to accomplish. You don’t need to follow what other’s have done or think you have failed because you aren’t in the same spot as the competing CEO. Stop trying to be the next Arianna Huffington, Jay-Z or Bill Gates and instead focus on determining your own goals and successes.#89. ”I never dreamed about success. I worked for it.” â€" Estée LauderThe beauty mogul provides a short, yet important message: success doesn’t happen on paper, it happens in the real world. A plan is nothing more than a guide for execution and action.#90. “Every day I get up and look through the Forbes list of the richest people in America. If I’m not there, I go to work.” â€" Vinnie RegeOnce you’ve defined what success means to you, you can start working towards it every day. Rege’s quote is not to say you necessarily need to be on the Forbes list to prove you’ve made it. It’s merely a reminder you shouldn’t forget to assess your current situation in relation to where you want to be every single day. You won’t notice progress unless you keep measuring it. Remember, just because you aren’t there today, doesn’t mean you can’t be there tomorrow â€" don’t give up.#91. “What I’ve learned is that if you really want to be successful at something, you’ll find that you put the time in. You won’t just ask somebody if it’s a good idea, you’ll go figure out if it’s a good idea.” â€" Mark CubanThe Shark Tank entrepreneur provides a good example of determination and passion: the key building blocks to success. If you are driven and you have a vision you truly believe in, the success will follow because you’ll want to put the work in and you’ll want to develop and improve. If you want to become successful, then you need to find the thing that makes you passionate.#92. “There’s no scientific answer for success. You can’t define it. You’ve simply got to live and do it.” â€" Anita RoddickThe Internet is full of guides on how to succeed in your career and in leadership. But the truth is that while information will always help on your journey and provide you with direction, the real success is down to action. As the founder of The Body Shop once said, “You’ve simply got to live and do it.”#93. “I cannot give you the formula for success, but I can give you the formula for failure, which is: Try to please everybody.” â€" Herbert SwopeYou should never build your success on the back of other people’s failures or pain, but you can’t keep everyone in the world happy. People are different and differences of opinion are bound to happen in the business world. As long as you know what you are doing, you know it doesn’t intentionally hurt anyone, and you are committed to your goals, you can succeed.#94. “Successful people do what unsuccessful people are not willing to do. Don’t wish it were easier; wish you were better.”- Jim RohnThe road to the top is not easy and you will feel inadequate as a leader on a number of occasions. But no one became a great leader overnight. What defines you as a success is how you rise to the occasion when you know you aren’t good enough. Instead of giving up, you will go and find out how to be better â€" just as Rohn says.#95. “The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.” â€" Vidal SassoonFinally, the above quote by the legendary hairstylist is a magnificent guideline for leadership and business in general. If you aren’t willing to work, then success won’t happen.

Forgiveness the Kite Runner - 979 Words

Forgiveness is a necessary part of human existence, although it is rarely easy to give, and sometimes hardest to give to ourselves. The Kite Runner illustrates humanitys tendency, and even willingness, to dwell on past mistakes. The opening sentence sets this theme with I became what I am today at the age of twelve, as Amir unapologetically relates how he believes one action at that young age defined his entire life. However, as the novel progresses, the reader comes to the conclusion that it was not one action, but a series of choices and events that created Amirs persona as an adult. By holding onto his guilt and fear of discovery, Amir could only bury his past for short periods of time before his own conscience uncovered it and the†¦show more content†¦Eventually, Amir received a call from his old mentor, who told him to come back to Afghanistan because there is a way to be good again. What Amir learned while he visited his mentor would lead him to what he considered rede mption. Hassan had been killed, which Amir partially considered his fault, but Hassans son, Sohrab, was still alive. With the idea of giving him to a good placement organization, Amir set out to save Sohrab. Amir found Sohrab in the possession of a Taliban member, the same man who had raped Hassan when they were children. In order to save Sohrab, Amir had to fight the man, and he was injured very badly in doing so. Despite his injuries, he felt better about himself. He felt free, at peace. He finally had the courage to tell his wife about what he had done, and that took a weight off of his shoulders, as well. Even though Hassan had forgiven him long ago, Amir refused anything less than Hassans fate. Amirs entire life had been haunted by what he saw happen to Hassan. Although he was a child at the time, he couldnt accept his shortcoming during a time of need. He was jealous of his father for being able to stand up for himself and others and Hassans undying loyalty to him. He developed a pattern of behavior - of covering up his mistakes and hiding his past – that he could not rid himself of until he suffered like Hassan did. He made it up to Hassan by saving his son, and he made it up to himself by suffering the way heShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Forgiveness In The Kite Runner1364 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is no love without forgiveness, and there is no forgiveness without love† (Bryant H. McGrill). This message is greatly conveyed throughout Khalid Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. The main character, Amir, experiences certain situations which require him to stand up for those he loves or which require him to forgive either others or most importantly: himself. The whole novel leads us through a roller coaster of Amir’s life, which in the end, finally finds peace and forgiveness within himself. HassanRead MoreTheme Of Forgiveness In The Kite Runner790 Words   |  4 PagesBetrayal, which can be considered a form of sin, is enduring and ends up being cyclical in The Kite Runner. For most of the novel, Amir attempts to deal with his guilt by avoiding it. But doing this clearly does nothing toward redeeming himself, and thus his guilt endures. That is why he still cringes every time Hassans name is mentioned. When Amir finds out about Babas betrayal of Ali (and subsequent betrayal of Hassan), he realizes that everything he thought he knew and understood about his fatherRead MoreThe Kite Runner - Importance of Forgiveness Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Forgiveness Forgiveness is essential to daily life. An important person does the unthinkable, and finally that person earns forgiveness. It is important to forgive oneself, so one can forgive others, too. In The Kite Runner, novelist Khaled Hosseini tells about the past of the Afghan refugee, Amir, and about the importance of forgiveness regarding to what happens in Afghanistan a long time before Amir arrives in America. Amir grows up in Kabul with his prosperous father, BabaRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemptionRead MoreApproval, Redemption and Forgiveness in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini617 Words   |  3 PagesJesus sacrificed his own life for everyone’s sins in order for redemption, allowing his followers to gain forgiveness. In the novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, Amir understood that he must risk his own life in order to free him and his father from their sins. Amir desired rebirth of a new life, but he was unsure of how to live a life free of sin. In relation to the poem, Redemption, by James Casey, Amir was also running and hiding from his problems. Escaping to California with his fatherRead MoreThe Fact or Meaning of Forgiveness in The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini1388 Words   |  6 PagesBefore I begin to even attempt to write this paper I just want to start off by covering the fact or meaning of forgiveness or being forgiven. In my life personally there have been numerous occasions on which I have either been forgiven or I have either been forgiven or I have had to forgive someone else. I am here to tell you that it is not easy to be in either of those positions. I say this because whether you are the one who is being forgiven or you are the one who is forgiving someone else despiteRead MoreAn Outline of The Kite Runner1602 Words   |  6 PagesKite Runner Outline Thesis: Betrayal leads to feeling of guilt which forces the person in search of redemption either directly or through indirect actions and gestures. What truly constitutes forgiveness? Forgiveness has a different context depending on where the person is from or what he believes. Religion places a great emphasis on the view of forgiveness. Love is the major reason why people want to forgive and thus move on to normalize their relationships. In the Kite Runner, RahimRead MoreSimilarities Between Oedipus Rex And The Kite Runner941 Words   |  4 Pagesand Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. These similarities show how writing and entertainment have not completely changed despite how long it has been. One of the most important similarities is the theme. This essay will explore these two works by looking into the similar themes, how the themes are treated, and the importance of similar themes. Themes are one of the most important parts of any form of literature. In these two works, the general theme of sin and forgiveness is shown. In Oedipus RexRead More The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesIn his first historical fiction novel, Khaled Hosseini tells the story of a young boy growing up in Afghanistan. The Kite Runner is the story of Amir, the young boy, and the path his life takes because of the decisions he makes when he is a young child. Forgiveness is woven throughout the book as it takes Amir to places he might not have gone if he hadn’t been able to forgive. Amir was haunted with demons from his childhood for his whole life. The one demon that stuck with him the most was the factRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1422 Words   |  6 PagesPranav Dantu Mr. Bal Honors English 10 20 December 2017 The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Summary: The Kite Runner is a historical fiction novel written by Khaled Hosseini. The novel is written in a first-person point of view tracing the journey of redemption of an Afghan native named Amir. Amir grows up wealthy and privileged by Afghan standards and is surrounded mostly by his father and his friend, Hassan. Hassan was a less fortunate boy who belonged to the lower caste of the Afghanis, the Hazaras

Alcohol Is A Dangerous Drug - 1411 Words

In our modern society the constant abuse of drugs and alcohol has become a major issue. Dependence on substances such as alcohol is a common phenomenon in our world. Many individuals who constantly drink changing their ways are the hardest and biggest obstacles. Often these individuals are looking to feel the positive effects that alcohol provides for them. Such as gaining more confidence and forgetting about any problems they may have in their life, past present or future. Alcohol is a drug that slows down an individual’s brain, providing the drinker with a feeling of relaxation. According to the Centre for Mental Health â€Å"about 6,700 Canadians die each year as a result of drinking alcohol—due to car crashes, other accidents, suicides and murders, and health problems related to alcohol use†(http://www.camh.ca). Most people don’t even recognize alcohol as a drug but the reality is alcohol is a very dangerous drug and is the most abused substance in Ca nada. The act off drinking has become a social norm within our culture and access to it is a lot simpler than any other substance. The issues that emerge when a person is dependent on alcohol may not become evident right away but eventually overtime the individual builds up a reliance on the substance as a form of relief or emotional release. This dependence will lead to the individual believing that they cannot function without a drink. Much like a drug user breaking the habit is one of the most difficult barriers that anShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Tobacco vs. Illegal Drugs765 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Alcohol, Tobacco Worse Than Illegal Drugs† a new British study found that alcohol and tobacco are more dangerous than some illegal narcotics such as marijuana or Ecstasy. Professor David Nutt of Britain’s Bristol University and some colleagues proposed the study and found a new structure for the â€Å"classification of harmful substances based on the actu al risk posed to society† (Conroy, 2007). The researchers used three factors to determine how harmful any drug is : â€Å"the physical harmRead MoreAlcohol the Most Lethal Drug Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol is the most lethal drug causing injuries, health problems and even deaths to people worldwide. Most people think that because cocaine, heroine and bang are not legalized then they are the most dangerous drugs but this is untrue. Alcohol is the only drug which can cause sudden death to the user in relation to its effects. Taking an example, people drinking in a bar are more likely to engage in a fight and eventually harm one another while somebody using cocaine will be at lower risk of engagingRead MoreMarijuana Is The Safest Of All Recreational Drugs1600 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal recreational drug. Recreational drugs are used to alter states of consciousness and heighten mood. Out of all recreational drugs, marijuana use ranks among alcohol, tobacco, and ca ffeine use. Marijuana refers to dried leaves and flowers from the Cannabis sativa plant. When smoked or ingested, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is absorbed through the bloodstream and carried to the brain and other organs. THC is a mind-altering chemical that attracts most to the drug because of the â€Å"high†Read MoreMarijuana Should Not Be Considered as a Lethal Drug973 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana Should Not be Considered As a Lethal Drug In out society drugs are considered to be addictive and lethal. People tend to abuse drugs regardless of their side effects. In many cases government agencies regulate their use. Also there are drugs that are illegal to use, produce and sale. One of those illegal drugs is marijuana. For thousands of years, marijuana has been used to treat a wide variety of sickness. It became illegal in 1937 under The Marijuana Stamp Tax Act. This act prohibitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Recreational Marijuana1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthat cannabis is a Class I drug that has both negative health effects and behavior effects. However, there is minimal evidence to support these claims, and none of the benefits of marijuana are taken into consideration when the arguments are made. The possession and use of recreational marijuana should be legalized in the United States because it would provide a steady source of income for the government in the form of taxation, it would reduce the sale of more danger ous drugs since they would not beRead MoreArgument in Favor of Legalizing Marijuana1277 Words   |  6 PagesWhen comparing alcohol and marijuana which drug is more dangerous? According to statistics over 75,000 deaths in America are linked to alcohol. More than half these deaths are caused by alcohol poisoning. On the other hand marijuana cannot cause death from overdose due to being nontoxic. So why should marijuana remain illegal? Many think marijuana should remain illegal, but legalization would have much more advantages if it were legalized already. Legalization has plenty of benefits, but most ideasRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1342 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiments involving marijuana approved. Despite this roadblock for the research of marijuana, surveys and observations of the medical use of marijuana show that the plant may have legitimate medical uses. The lack of evidence showing that weed is a dangerous drug also pushes for its legalization for recreational us e. Based on all of the evidence about marijuana for recreational and medical use, marijuana should be legalized by issue 3. Many people have heard the stories of how marijuana has saved livesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?812 Words   |  4 Pagesmarijuana is known by many names. Americans perceive marijuana as an awful drug. But have americans discovered that marijuana has be known to contribute good and bad qualities for the human body. Americans should legalize marijuana because there has been no evidence that anyone has ever died of marijuana overdose, Marijuana is a safer drug than others, and Marijuana has a lower risk of addiction than most legalized drugs. To begin with, Marijuana was first known to be discovered in China aroundRead MoreBad Habits and How to Break Them Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagespractice, especially one that is hard to give up. Every person has a habit. From small, non dangerous, habits like biting nails or high pitched laughing, to dangerous ones such as smoking, drinking, and reckless behavior. Habits can go un-noticed by people because they vary in seriousness. Breaking habits varies greatly. It can be as simple as not doing something in the morning, to stopping drugs and alcohol. People often pick up bad habits in their younger years. Some habits people cannot controlRead MoreThe Use Of Drugs And Alcohol On College Campuses873 Words   |  4 Pages The use of drugs and alcohol on college campuses has always been a problem but the drastic increase in the amount of college students binge drinking and abusing prescription and illegal drugs from the early 90’s till now is becoming more alarming and has to be acted upon. American colleges have had a problem with alcohol abuse since the first colleges were created, but until recently college drinking has been ignored, and tolerated, although it is proven to have negative effects not only on the

Design And Construction Fundamentals Of Earth Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(47) " for homogeneous stuff with low permeableness\." Abstraction: This paper focuses on Earth dikes, one of the oldest dike in the universe. Forming service reservoir for domestic H2O supply and irrigation intent, Earth dams comprise the most legion category. The design and building of Earth dikes is complex because of the nature of the changing foundation conditions and the different belongingss of the stuffs available for the building of the embankment. We will write a custom essay sample on Design And Construction Fundamentals Of Earth Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Careful choice of site and types of stuffs used in the building every bit good as a site probe are critical. Last but non least, an apprehension of the possible failure of Earth dikes is of import in the design and building procedure of the Earth dikes. 1. Introduction Earth dikes, besides called Earthen or Earth-filled dikes are by and large built in or near drainage line which has assortment of intents including domestic H2O supplies, agricultural irrigation, H2O for landscape betterment and others. One advantage of the Earth dike is that it can accommodate to a weak foundation provided proper consideration is given to the foundation and design of the Earth dikes. However, failure of any of import portion of the Earth dikes such as ooze, structural and foundation will take to the prostration of the whole dike. Types of Earth Dams Constructed as a simple homogeneous embankment of good compacted Earth, Earth dikes are classified as Homogenous Earth Dams, Zoned Earth Dams and Diaphragm Dams. A brief treatment of the types of dike is as follow: Homogeneous Earth Dam is a sort of common Earth dikes which consist of two chief constituents ; the imperviable to semi-pervious construction and the toe filter and the drain. The intent of the filter and the drain is to supply a done manner for ooze to go out the dike construction without doing eroding. This type of dike is normally built on an imperviable foundation such as solid stone or clay. The following type of Earth dike is Diaphragm Dam. A stop dike, can be used when there is no imperviable bed below the dike and alteration of the dike can be made to accommodate at an imperviable bed. Besides, this type of dike is limited to a tallness of 8.0m in order to maintain ooze forces at a safe degree. Last type of Earth Dam is Zoned Dam. A Zoned Dam is known to be the most efficient usage of dirt as each stuff is used to its greatest potency. The incline protection protects the shoulder from eroding and beckon action, the nucleus retains the H2O and the shoulders stabilize the nucleus. Last, Figure 1 shows the 3 types of Earth dikes. Figure 1. Cross subdivision of Homogenous Earth dike, Zoned Earth Dam and Diaphragm Dams ( Stone, 2003 ) . 2. Design OF EARTH DAM Earth dike is built for the intent of hive awaying H2O and is made of compacted Earth. It is normally more convenient when concrete is expensive and timber beginning is scarce. 2.1 Foundation A site probe should be conducted anterior to building so as to look into the nature of the foundation. By cognizing the existent foundation status at site, the Earth dike can so be designed harmonizing to it. A dike foundation is said to be equal if it is capable of supplying a stable support for the embankment under all status of impregnation and burden and that it supply adequate opposition to seepage to avoid inordinate loss of H2O ( Bureau of Reclamation 1987 ) . Harmonizing to Bureau of Reclamation ( 1987 ) , dam foundation can be by and large classified into three types viz. foundation of stone, foundation of farinaceous stuff and foundation of powdered stuff. These foundations may necessitate to be treated to stabilise any failing every bit good as to cut down ooze. For case, farinaceous, pervious foundations present no troubles in the affair of colony or stableness whereas a powdered, weak foundation is capable to colony or supplanting normally present no job in ooze. Rock foundation on the other manus must be checked for erosive escape and inordinate uplift force per unit area. If such conditions exist, grouting to the foundation must be considered. 2.2 Dirt Earth dike is normally built with clay, sand and crushed rock and hence is besides known as Earth make full dike. The type of dirt used in the building of an Earth dike must be suited to let for optimal compression every bit good to cut down ooze. Soil permeableness is one of of import standards to be considered in dam design, seepage-confinement units, drainage and other structural elements ( Goldin, AL A ; Rasskazov, LN 1992 ) . Higher frictional opposition and greater permeableness in farinaceous dirts is the ground for its greater stableness as compared to cohesive dirts. Greater permeableness permits rapid dissipation of pore H2O force per unit areas ensuing from compressive forces. 2.3 Embankment In finding the tallness of the embankment, it is necessary to apportion for a colony between 5 to 10 per centum. This is to forestall its tallness from going lower than the wasteweir tallness ( Figure 2 ) since colony is ineluctable despite holding a good compression due to the fact that air and H2O are being forced out of the nothingnesss by the weight of the dike, therefore doing consolidation ( Shaw, R A ; Smout, I 2009 ) . During compression, equal attempt should be applied throughout the dike to forestall differential colony. The minimal compression attempt should non be less than 95 % of the Standard Maximum Dry Density ( Department of Primary Industries and Water 2008 ) . The stableness of the embankment depends mostly on its ability to defy shear emphasis which comes from internally applied tonss such as the weight of the dirt and the embankment inclines, and externally applied tonss such as reservoir and Earthquake tonss. As mentioned earlier, steeper inclines can be adopted for farinaceous dirts since they are more stable. In contrast, a gentler incline needs to be applied for homogeneous stuff with low permeableness. You read "Design And Construction Fundamentals Of Earth Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" Figure 2. Cross subdivision of an Earth dike 2.4 Spillway Spillway plays an of import function in Earth dike since it allows inordinate H2O to flux without dominating the dike wall. There are two types of wasteweir viz. the cut wasteweir ( Figure 3 ) and natural wasteweir. Figure 3. The place of a cut wasteweir In order to cut down H2O speed and later minimise eroding, a soft incline for wasteweir must be provided. However, for steep incline, loose rocks or geotextile can be provided to cut down eroding. Apart from that, equal capacity for the wasteweir must be provided to forestall dominating and to enable the wasteweir to efficaciously manage run-off. 3. Construction ON EARTH DAMS 3.1 Depriving Organic dirt and flora must be removed from the country that will be covered by the dam base. The removed organic dirt are stockpiled and used on the downstream incline of the fill. 3.2 Key trench Key trench which is besides known as cutoff trench is excavated below the base of the fill to a lower limit of three pess deep for dike with 10 to 12 pess height. The cardinal trench is included in the dike design to procure the dike to the base stuff and to forestall ooze under the fill. 3.3 Diversion tunnel Diversion channels are excavated before the dike can be constructed. This tunnel is frequently lined with concrete. The tunnel is built around the dike building country at one side of the vale. In the drill holes, explosive stuffs are placed and blaring will takes topographic point. The dirt or broken stone is so removed. The stairss are repeated until the tunnel is completed. Figure 4. Constructing a recreation channel ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hydro.com.au/handson/students/images/damb1.gif ) In Figure 5, after the dike building is completed, the recreation channel is closed o let the lake to get down make fulling. Figure 5. Closing of recreation tunnel ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hydro.com.au/handson/students/images/damb4.gif ) 3.4 Cofferdam In summer, the building on deviating the river starts when the river degrees are low. At the upstream of the upstream of the chief dike building country, little dike which is besides called as caisson are built. It is built utilizing Earth-moving equipment. The caisson will move as a barrier to the river and the H2O will flux to the recreation tunnels. The 2nd caisson will be built downstream of the chief dike building country. At this country, the caisson will forestall the river flow to flux back into the building country. Figure 6. Cofferdams act as barriers to the river ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hydro.com.au/handson/students/images/damb2.gif ) 3.5 Foundation Grouting Grouting consists of lines or a line of holes which are drilled into the dike foundation. The two types of foundation grouting are drape and consolidation grouting. 3.6 Curtain grouting Curtain grouting consists of a individual row of urarthritis holes which are drilled and grouted in sequence by bagger proving to the base of the permeable stone or to a deepness that acceptable hydraulic gradients are achieved ( Fell et al 2005 ) . Based on Figure 7, primary holes are drilled foremost. The last hole spacing will usually be 1.5m or 4m, but besides may be every bit close as 0.5m ( Fell et al 2005 ) . This attack allows control over the efficiency of the drape grouting. Figure 7. Curtain and consolidation grouting ( Fell et al, 2005 ) Figure 8. Grouting downstage with bagger ( WRC, 1981 ) 3.7 Fill building Earth dike is normally constructed from imperviable stuff which is clay or clay-based stuff. The building stuffs, taken from the environing country have to be placed and compacted horizontally in the fill. Dry dirts are normally added with wet and compression equipment such as a sheepsfoot bagger is used to obtain the proper compression. The building started by make fulling the cutoff trench with well-compacted stuff and six inch beds is added until the maximal tallness is obtained. The top of the dike at the centre of the draw is normally built 10 per cent higher than the design to let colony of the fill. Based on Figure 9, a riparian pipe is placed through the underside of the fill and a frost-free valve is placed on the riparian pipe. This pipe and valve system map is to let H2O to be released downstream to other H2O storage installations during H2O deficits. Figure 9. Elevation position of dike ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/ $ department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex4613 ) 4. POTENTIAL FAILURES OF EARTH DAMS Potential failures of dikes have ever been great importance and much attending has been given to safety rating and research due to their black effects. Harmonizing to Fell, MacGregor, Stapledon and Bell ( 2005 ) , 79 % of Earth dikes with less than 30m high suffer more failures than higher dike. This may reflect better design, monitoring and surveillance of larger dike. Potential failures of Earth dike can be grouped into three classs: Fluid mechanicss failure, ooze failure and structural failures. A detail treatment of the types of possible failure of Earth dike is as follow: 4.1 Fluid mechanicss Failure Fluid mechanicss failure occurs by the surface eroding of the dike by H2O. Fluid mechanicss failure is due to several grounds. One of fluid mechanicss failure is dominating of dikes. Dominating failure occurs when the degree of the reservoir exceeds the capacity of the dike. Harmonizing to Fell, MacGregor, Stapledon and Bell ( 2005 ) , over-topping is one of the chief causes of failure in Earth dikes. Overtopping may besides be caused by deficient freeboard provided. Figure 10 shows the overtopping of Earth dike. Following, eroding of upstream face ( Figure 11 ) due to uninterrupted wave action caused eroding of the dike. However, this can be avoided if the surface is protected by rock rip-rap and filter. The following ground is due to eroding of downstream incline by rain H2O. Although the downstream face of the embankment is non affected by reservoir H2O, it may acquire eroded by heavy rain fluxing down the face of the dike, doing the formation of gullies and eventually prostration of the whole dike. An Example of failure of Earth dikes due to dominating is South Fork Dam which is built across Conemaugh River, Pennsylvania. The intent of the dike was to provide H2O to a navigable canal from Johnstown to Pittsburg. The dike was about 2.5m high and during a heavy rainstorm on 30th May 1889, big sum of dust was washed into the reservoir and blocked the wasteweir. Finally the dike was overtopped and failed by eroding let go ofing a inundation moving ridge about 1.2m high. Figure 10. Overtopping of dike ensuing in washout ( Bassell, 1999 ) . Figure 11. Erosion of upstream face by moving ridges interrupting on the surface ( Bassell, 1999 ) . 4.2 Seepage failure Seepage failure is besides known as piping failure. Seepage failures are by and large caused by pervious foundation, escape through embankments, conduit escape and shedding. All dikes have seepage as the impounded H2O seeks way of least opposition through the dike construction and its foundation. If the surface ooze intersects the upstream face of the dike, eroding may happen which will take to possible failure of the dike. Typical method used to command the measure of ooze is rock fills installed at the downstream toe or gravel covers to cross the line of ooze before it reaches downstream toe as shown in Figure12. Figure 12. Seepage through a dike or embankment with stone toe or crushed rock cover. ( Stone, 2003 ) 4.3 Structural Failure Structural failure includes failure of the upstream, downstream inclines of the Earth dike, foundation every bit good as checking distortion and colony ( Figure 13 ) of the dike construction that may take to dominating or seepage failure. Slides in embankment occur when the inclines are excessively steep ( Figure 14 ) for the shear strength of the embankment stuff to defy the emphasiss imposed. Failure of this type normally cause by defective design and building. As for foundation failure, it occurs because of inordinate pore H2O force per unit area which reduces the strength of the dirt which it may non be able to defy the shear emphasiss induced by the embankment. Furthermore, harm caused by tunneling animate beings lead to structural failure. This causes seepage H2O to flux out rapidly, transporting all right stuffs along which accordingly leads to shrieking failure within the construction of the dike and eventually take to a complete prostration of the dike. Figure 13. Excessive colony of dike and foundation ( Bassell, 1999 ) . Figure 14. Downstream face excessively steep unable to be resisted by dirt shear strength ( Bassell, 1999 ) . 5. Decision Earth dike, besides known as Earth filled dike, is built for the intent of hive awaying H2O. It can be classified into three different types which vary in their designs. A site probe must be conducted prior to plan and building to find the appropriate design that suits the foundation of the dike. The type of dirt used in the building of the Earth dike must let for optimal compression. The stableness of the dirt will so act upon the incline design of the embankment. During building, flora and organic dirt will be removed from the dam country. Water will be diverted to let for building. In add-on, grouting is besides done to assist better the foundation. When planing and building an Earth dike, it is besides critical to see possible dike failures so as to take considerations to forestall it. How to cite Design And Construction Fundamentals Of Earth Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Policies for elderly care in the UK Essay Example

Policies for elderly care in the UK Essay Ripening SocietyPeoples are populating longer, particularly across the Western universe. This has produced a corresponding addition in wellness attention costs, because older people have a higher prevalence of degenerative and infective diseases ( Dietetics, 2006 ) . Ageing has been implicated in fleshiness, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and abnormal psychology ( Hu et al, 2000 ; BNF, 2004 ) . Presently, more than a fifth of the UK population is aged over 65 old ages, and this proportion will increase to around 30 % across Europe by 2030 ( BNF, 2001 ) Old age is characterised by a greater susceptibleness to degenerative, infective, familial, and lifestyle-related unwellnesss. ADepartment of Healthstudy in the early 90s found that over 50 % of the aged have a chronic unwellness, 20 % have problem visual perception, 10 % are unable to walk ( down the route, or up a stairway ) , and 50 % of adult females and a one-fourth of the work forces aged gt ; 85 old ages lacked the ability to cook a repast ( DOH, 1992 ) . These troubles continue to afflict the aged today ( BNF, 2003 ) , haltering their ability to provide for their nutritionary demands.NUTRITIONAL PATTERNSMalnutrition is a turning job amongst the aged ( Smithers et al, 1998 ; BNF, 2001, 2002, 2003 ; Dieteticss, 2006 ) . Nutrition demands go more critical with increasing age. Energy degrees drop off aggressively, doing an exponential decrease in BMR ( radical metabolic rates ) . It is of import for older people to stay active, consume equal measures of fat, fiber, saccharides, vitamins, and other micronutrients ( BNF, 2002, 2004 ) , and avoid intoxicant. However, a recent DEFRA [ 1 ] study of dietetic patterns in grownups ( DEFRA, 2004 ) revealed upseting nutritionary tendencies. Consumption of intoxicant and dietetic fat increased with aged, top outing between the ages of 50 to lt ; 65 ( intoxicant ) , and 65 to lt ; 75 ( fat ) ( see Figure 1 ) . Fruit ingestion peaked between 50 to lt ; 65 old ages, so showed a diminution through age 75. Energy consumption from fat and cholesterin increased with age, while Iron and fibre consumption seemed to stagnate throughout maturity ( see Figure 2 ) .Figure 1Household Outgo on Selected Foods by Age ( DEFRA, 2004, p.61 ) . X Axis represents the Age Groups, while Y Axis represents Pence per Person per Week.Figure 2Energy A ; Nutrient consumption for Selected Foods by Age ( DEFRA, 2004, p.62 ) . The X Axis represents the Age Groups. The Y Axis represents Intake per Person per Day in Grams ( Milligrams for Iron, Calcium, Cholesterol A ; Vitamin C ) . To suit the graph more handily, figures for Vitamin D and Potassium x 10, and Calcium /10 . Figure for Cholesterol foremost converted to Grams, so x 10.FACTORS IN MALNUTRITIONOlder people are more vulnerably to malnutrition for assorted grounds ( BNF, 2004 ; Dieteticss, 2006 ; Furman, 2006 ) . First, medical conditions, such as osteoporosis and bosom disease, may order what should or should non be eaten. Therefore, for illustration while oily/fatty nutrients like oleo spreads, which are a good beginning of Vitamin D, may besides be high in cholesterin and hence inappropriate for person with cardiovascular infirmities. Second hapless teething may halter the ability to masticate. Mobility restraints may forestall shopping for and readying of nutrient. Potential complications caused by drug prescriptions means that ingestion of certain nutrients may non be recommended. Economic adversities can restrict both the measure and quality of nutrient that can be purchased. Even the age-related impairment in the senses ( e.g. odor and gustatory sensation ) can impact nutrient pick i n the aged ( BNF, 2003 ) . Changes in intestine map can impair efficient soaking up of foods by the organic structure ( Dietetics, 2006 ) . Finally, as people age, they are more likely to be entirely and homebound ( e.g. due to illness ) . Suddenly, cooking and shopping at the local supermarket may go hard, and many aged people may happen themselves to a great extent dependent on shop closet nutrient or meals on wheels’ . Consequently nutrient policies have been developed in the UK specifically to provide for the nutritionary demands of the aged.Existing nutrient policies [ 2 ] in Britain basically amount to supplying the aged with sufficient advice and information to enable them make the right nutrient picks ( FSA, 2005, 2006 ) . TheFood Standards Agencyhas outlined specific nutritionary guidelines for old people ( FSA, 2006 ) . These include eating plentifulness of nutrient rich in amylum and fiber ( e.g. staff of life, rice, cereals ) , iron-rich nutrients ( e.g. ruddy mea t, eggs, lentils, oily fish ) , foods/liquids rich in Vitamin C ( fruit juice, citrous fruit fruit, Piper nigrums, tomatoes ) , nutrients, rich in folic acid ( e.g. brown rice ) , and Ca rich nutrients ( e.g. milk, cheese ) . The FSA besides recommends Vitamin D addendums ( particularly for individuals of Asiatic beginning, who seldom venture out-of-doorss, and eat no meat or fish ) . Consumption of Vitamin A, K, and salt should be moderate. In their Strategic Plan 2005-2010 Puting Consumers First, the FSA ( 2005 ) places considerable accent onpick. Their policy is to advance healthier nutrient picks by supplying better information ( e.g. improved nutrition labelling, allergen labelling ) , modulating nutrient supplements/health claims based on sound grounds, and protecting against nutrient fraud. In add-on to FSA nutrition recommendations ( FSA, 2006 ) , Government sections, such as theDepartment of Health( DOH ) , and professional organic structures, notably theNational Institute for Clinical Excellence( NICE ) , besides issue specific guidelines for advancing nutrition in the aged in specific clinical and community scenes. These are considered below.Care/Nursing HomesSince a important proportion of the aged population reside in attention places, general ordinances for attention places – which include nutritionary criterions – have been published byDepartment of Health( DOH, 2001 ) , the Care Standards Inspectorate for Wales ( CSIW, 2004 ) , and the Scots Commission for the Regulation of Care ( SCRC, 2005 ) . Guidelines for Northern Ireland are espoused in theResidential Care Homes Regulations( NI ) 2005 ( Statutory Rules for Northern Ireland, 2005 ) . TheScots Office Department of Health( SODOH, 1997 ) published the Nursing Home Core Standard, which provides nutritionary counsel for nursing/care places. These organic structures all specify compulsory criterions associating to meal times, repast content, and bill of fare pick, consistent with n utrition specifications of the Food Standards Agency ( FSA, 2005, 2006 ) and NICE ( 2006 ) . Hospitals We will write a custom essay sample on Policies for elderly care in the UK specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Policies for elderly care in the UK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Policies for elderly care in the UK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hospitals in England and Wales are guided by NICE nutritionary guidelines, which although non specific to older patients, are applicable to any grownups who are malnourished or at hazard of malnutrition ( NICE, 2006 ) . TheBritish Dietetic Associationpublished Standards of Care for Older Adults in Hospital every bit early as 1993 ( BDA, 1993 ) , which includes nutritionary counsel. TheScots Nursing Home Core Standards for Nutrition( NHCSN ) provide a practical usher for staff working with aged patients in infirmaries. In 2002The National Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting Advisory Committee( NNMHVAC ) ( Scots Executive, 2002 ) set up a working group to see the nutritionary demands of older patients in Scots Hospitals, utilizing the Nursing Core Standards ( SODOH, 1997 ) . Overall, it is a recommended that patients’ nutritionary demands are adequately addressed through nutritionarytesting, dietetic appraisal ( patients at hazard, dietetic penchants, hapless intake degree ) , dietetic consumption ( e.g. hygiene, meal telling system, menu design etc ) , and staff training/monitoring. Nutritional showing is now compulsory in Scots Hospitals ( Scottish Executive, 2002 ) . In Northern Ireland single Hospital Trusts are responsible for developing and implementing their ain guidelines. Own Home NICE guidelines are besides applicable to the place ( NICE, 2006, p.4 ) . Health attention professionals are required to set about supervising both in the infirmary and community. They are expected to develop patients and carers to recognize alterations in their nutritionary demands, and take appropriate action. Additionally, the FSA has published Ages and Stages – Eat Well’ , a self-help counsel that on what to eat ( nutrients rich in amylum, fiber, Fe etc ) , and vitamin/salt intake ( FSA, 2006 ) . These criterions are applicable across England, Wales, and Scotland [ 3 ] . Homebound In England, Scotland and Wales, it is the Local Governments that provide nutritionary support for homebound aged people, for illustration repast proviso ( e.g. place delivered hot/frozen repasts, aid with shopping ) and appraisal ( placing people at hazard of malnutrition ) . In Northern Ireland it is the Health Boards that provide these services. Other Developments In 2005 the Health Ageing Action Plan was published by theWelsh Assemblyto supply support to older people ( aged 50+ ) on assorted wellness issues, including nutrition ( Welsh Assembly Government, 2005 ) . The papers outlines assorted proposals such as supplying free conveyance to supermarkets, measuring the proviso of a meals-on-wheels strategy, and supplying appropriate preparation for caterers. The Welsh Assembly in concurrence with the FSA besides launched Food and Well-being in 2003, which outlines nutritionary schemes for vulnerable groups including the aged ( FSA/Welsh Assembly Government, 2003 ) .Figure 3Change in nutrient policy for the aged requires justification and a clear set of standards. Tangible conceptual and matter-of-fact restraints may hinder alteration. A theoretical account slackly based on Kurt Lewins ( 1951 )alteration’model.DEVELOPING NEW POLICIESDeveloping new nutritionary constabularies for the aged requires standards that define appropriate criterio ns and ends. The immediate concern is that policy alteration must be evidence-based ( Khan et al, 2003 ) . Second, precise aims must be set, which can be translated into auditable action programs ( e.g. addition in QALY [ 4 ] , or BMI [ 5 ] ) . Goals must be client- or patient-centred, in maintaining with professional ethical, and where possible involve input from multidisciplinary staff and carers. Once new policies are developed they have to be implemented. This entails a procedure of alteration, whereby bing criterions are modified, supplemented, or replaced wholly. Harmonizing to Kurt Lewin ( 1951 ) such alteration is occurs in an environment of restraining and drive forces ( see Figure 3 ) . Furman ( 2006 ) elucidates some of these restraints, including the deficiency of clear definitions about what exactly constitutes malnutrition, inconclusive diagnostic standards, confusion about symptomatology and associated unwellnesss, uncoordinated attention proviso, limited intervention options, and improper prescriptions ( e.g. medicines that interfere with soaking up of foods ) . Extra restraints include organizational inactiveness, increased work loads for attention staff, entrenched behavioral norms, in both patients’ and attention staff, unequal preparation for all concerned, and overall, a generalinvoluntarinessamongst the aged to alter long-run life styles and dietetic patterns. Antagonizing these barriers are driving forces, chiefly the demand to better attention proviso for the aged and cut down the prevalence and incidence if malnutrition. Policy execution is improbable to win unless hindrances to better nutritionary wellness are first overcome.RecommendationExisting nutrient policies for turn toing the demands of the aged population seem adequate at aconceptualdegree. Both the NICE, and FSA, offer really exact counsel on specific nutritionary demands, so that many aged people populating on their ain, or being cared for in a hospital/nursing place , may in fact be feeding healthily.The job is non the policies themselves but instead the deficiency ofconsistenceof application, across different attention scenes and parts of the United Kingdom. The consequence is that the quality of nutritionary attention and back up the aged receive may depend to a great extent on where they live. Both Wales and Scotland appear to hold better developed policies for advancing nutrition in the aged. For illustration, in Scotland, theNursing and Midwifery Practice Development Unit( NMPDU, 2002 ) has issued a best practice’ statement for nutritionary attention of the aged within the Scots NHS, which includes specific action programs for nutritionary appraisal, diet, etc. In Wales, Welsh Assembly and FSA have both produced counsel paperss specifically to advance wellness eating in older grownups ( FSA/Welsh Assembly, 2003 ; Welsh Assembly, 2005 ) . However, there is less lucidity about best practice’ criterions being applied in England and Northern Ireland, nor do at that place look to be specific NHS, FSA, orHouse of Commonspolicies for England and Northern Ireland. Three outstanding policy issues are considered below ( see Figure 4 ) .While the FSAsStrategic Planfor 2005-2010 lineations specific ends and actions to be taken over the following few old ages to better nutritionary criterions, this papers makes no specific mention to the aged. It is clear that older people have really specific nutritionary demands, non to advert alone restrains that may contradict proper eating ( e.g. limitations imposed by medical or dental damage, such as deficiency of mobility, trouble cookery ) . Therefore, it is indispensable for the FSA to put out age-specific proposals sing nutrient safety, wellness feeding and pick, the cardinal issues highlighted in the current papers. The FSA can besides assist develop strategies specific to England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, instead similar to theFood and Wellbeingproposals develope d with the Welsh Assembly ( FSA/Welsh Assembly, 2003 ) . Best Practice The Scots NHS best practice’ criterions published by theNursing and Midwifery Practice Development Unit( NMPDU, 2002 ) should be applicable across the UK. Presently, it isn’t clear whether these criterions are implemented outside Scotland. The execution ofNursing Home Core Standardsin Scotland has been closely monitored with the publication of a study, set up by the NNMHVAC [ 6 ] ( Scottish Executive, 2002 ) . The purpose of this working group was to measure execution of criterions, and place illustrations of best practice’ . Similar execution and monitoring of nutritionary criterions and best pattern for the aged should use to the NHS in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Nutritional Screening Malnutrition in the aged can hold really terrible wellness deductions ( Scots Executive, 2002, p. 3 ) . Therefore, it would look sensible to guarantee that every older grownup above a certain age is undergoes compulsory nutritionary showing on a regular footing. Presently, NICE guidelines recommend testing in clinical ( i.e. infirmary and professional attention ) scenes. However, Ellen ( 2006 ) emphasises the importance of nutritionary appraisal for the aged acrossbothclinical and community ( i.e. place ) locales, reasoning that failure to measure and handle malnutrition in community-dwelling older grownups can take to both physical and functional disablements that result in admittance to acute attention infirmaries, long-run attention installations, or death ( p.23 ) . Old people who are populating at place or homebound may non undergo need particular agreements to be in topographic point ( e.g. regular place showing carried out by a sing nurse ) , to guarantee that those with nutri tionary lacks are identified rapidly. Nutritional showing should be cosmopolitan and applicable to all attention places and NHS Hospital Trusts. Screening processs published by theBritish Dietetic Association( BDA, 1999 ) can be used as a templet for developing guidelines. Other Considerations The DEFRAFamily Foodstudy ( DEFRA, 2004 ) indicated upseting age-related derived functions in nutritionary hazard ( see Figures 1 and 2 ) . For illustration, 50-65 old ages olds seems to describe peculiarly high degrees of outgo on intoxicant ( Figure 1 ) , Calcium and Vitamin C intake both seem to drop off beyond age 75, and dietetic fat ingestion seems to increase exponentially from the 50-65 to the 65-75 age bracket, and beyond ( see Figure 2 ) . Such forms may warrant the development of nutritionary policies tailored for specific mark ( age ) groups even among the aged, but this is non a major consideration.Figure 4Bettering Nutrition for the Aged: Three Avenues for ImprovementDecisionIn decision, bing nutrient policies for the aged are multifaceted and applicable to a assortment of scenes. The adequateness of current policies is remains questionable every bit long as malnutrition amongst older grownups continues to turn. Make new policies need to be developed? Possibly, albeit i t can be argued that bing policies are non needfully flawed ( i.e. inadequate ) . Rather, the job is that execution has been inconsistent across different parts of the UK, and besides different attention scenes. Policy development, executing, and scrutinizing, seem far more advanced in Scots NHS Trusts, compared to England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The 2002 study by the Nursing and Midwifery Visiting Committee cites legion illustrations of good practice’ in which Nursing Home Core Standards for nutrition were implemented to advance nutrition for older patients ( Scots Executive, 2002 ) . What is required hence isn’t new policies, but instead the constitution ofPractice Development Unit of measurementsacross the UK. These can publish statements of best pattern, and back up execution of nutritionary guidelines, as is the instance in Scotland ( NMPDU, 2002 ) . Guidelines must besides be in topographic point to ease best pattern incommunityscenes ( e.g. at place ) , non merely in professional attention scenes ( e.g. infirmaries ) , with particular support for home-alone’ or home bound’ people.BDA ( 1993Dietary Standards of Care for the Older Adult in Hospital. London:British Dietetic Association.BDA ( 1999 )Nutritional Screening Tools–Professional Development CommitteeBriefing Paper No. 9. London: British Dietetic Association.BNF ( 2001 )Healthy Ageing in Europe ( HP 9 ). London: British Nutrition Foundation.BNF ( 2002 )Vitamins A and E for the Elderly ( CG 58 ). London: British NutritionFoundation.BNF ( 2003 )Reasonable Food for the Elderly ( CG 66 ). London: British NutritionFoundation.BNF ( 2004 ) Older Adults. London: British Nutrition Foundation.DEFRA ( 2004 )Family Food: A study on the 2002-03 Outgo and Food Survey.London: Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs.DOH ( 1992 )Report on Health and Social Subjects 31–The Nutrition of ElderlyPeoples. Committee of Medical Aspects of Food Policy. London: Depa rtmentof Health.Dieteticss ( 2006 ) Undernutrition in the Elderly [ online ] Energy Active.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dietetics.co.uk/article-undernutrition-in-the-elderly.asp [ Accessed12 August 2006 ]FSA ( 2005 )Strategic Plan 2005-2010: Puting Consumers First. London: FoodStandards Agency.FSA ( 2006 ) Eat good, be good [ online ] Crown Copyright.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eatwell.gove.uk/agesandstages/olderpeople/ [ Accessed 12 August 2006 ]FSA/Welsh Assembly Government ( 2003 )Food and Wellbeing: ReductionInequalities through a Nutrition Strategy for Wales. Cardiff: Welsh AssemblyGovernment.Furman, E.F. ( 2006 ) Undernutrition in older grownups across the continuum of attention:nutritionary appraisal, barriers, and intercessions.Journal of GerontologicalNursing. 32, pp.22-27.Hu, F.B. , Rimm, E.B. , Stampfer, M.J. , Ascherio, A. , Spiegelman, D. A ; Willett, W.C.( 2000 ) Prospective survey of major dietetic forms and hazard of coronary bosomdisease in work forces .American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 72, pp.912-921.Khan, K. , Kunz, R. , Kleijnen, J. A ; Antes, G. ( 2003 )Systematic Reviews to SupportEvidence-based Medicine: How to Review and Apply Findings of HealthcareResearch. Oxford: Royal Society of Medicine Press.Lewin, K. ( 1951 )Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper A ; Row.NICE ( 2006 )Nutrition Support for Adults: Oral Nutrition Support, Enteral TubeFeeding and Parenteral Nutrition. London: National Institute of ClinicalExcellence.NMPDU ( 2002 )Nutrition for Physically Frail Older Peoples. Edinburgh: Nursing A ;Midwifery Practice Development Unit.Scots Executive ( 2002 )National Nursing Midwifery A ; Health Visiting AdvisoryCommittee: Promoting Nutrition for Older Adult In-Patients in NHS Hospitalsin Scotland. Edinburgh: Scots Executive.Smithers, G. , Finch, S. , Doyle, W. , Lowe, C. , Bates, C.J. , Prentice, A. A ; Clarke, P.C.( 1998 ) The national diet and nutrition study: people aged 65 old ages and over.Nutrit ion A ; Food Science. 3, pp.133-137.SODOH ( 1997 )Nursing Home Core Standards. NHS MEL 34. Edinburgh: ScotsOffice of the Department of Health.Welsh Assembly Government ( 2005 )Healthy Ageing Action Plan for Wales: AngstromResponse to Health Challenge Wales. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government.1